The Mind And Body Theories - 1174 Words

The mind and body are two abstract concepts however; they both can be deduced to a simple principle of materialism. Rene Descartes posed a claim that, the mind and body are not related and concludes that a brain is made of matter while a mind is made of â€Å"mental processes, thought and consciousness† (simply psychology). However, Thomas Hobbes argued that â€Å"everything in the world, including our thoughts and mind, can be explained in terms of one thing: matter in motion (many world of logic). Throughout this paper, I will explore three ideas: environmental factors, physical connection and energy. Due to the advancement of science, the ideology of materialism supports the connection between the mind and body, however disputing the view of†¦show more content†¦We gain all the senses from our environment. Dualism fails to solve the dilemma because it’s a state of mind of spirituality and it is not definite. For example, if a soul or â€Å"mind† was separate and lived on forever then we would have invisible people roaming around, thus fails at the logic of science. The second idea that will be viewed is the physical brain and the matter that composes this extraordinary information system. Science has evolved and shown us that there are different parts of the brain that make up the mind. For instance,† the cortex is the outermost layer of brain cells. Thinking and voluntary movements begin in the cortex. Also, the brain is divided into many different lobes such as the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital. Each of the lobe is responsible for a different function and together they make up the abstract system of the mind. If an individual gets hurt in a brain injury, and cause damage to the frontal lobe this would result in problems in â€Å"problem solving, judgement and motor function† (webmb). These are the thought processes and without these you cannot use your mind to make judgement and rational decisions. Thomas Hobbes states that â€Å"materialism is the ultimate reality of physical matter, and all that is or ever was aris es out of and is ultimately reducible to matter† (death reference). Not only is the brain important but without arms, eyes, legs and the physical aspects of aShow MoreRelatedThe Mind Body Identity Theory1668 Words   |  7 Pagesout the nature of a human person; this has lead to various theories and speculation about the nature of the human mind and body. The question they are tying to answer is whether a human being is made of only the physical, body and brain, or both the physical or the mental, mind. In this paper I will focus on the mind-body Identity Theory to illustrate that it provides a suitable explanation for the mind and body interaction. Identity Theory Identity theorists hold the view that the mental eventsRead MoreThe Theory Of The Mind Body Dualism1232 Words   |  5 Pagesscholastic Aristotelianism and created the first version of the modern mind-body dualism or emotion† (Encyclopedia Britannica). Born on March 31, 1596, he was dubbed as the Father of Modern Philosophy. His theory on the mind-body dualism, also known as Cartesian Dualism, created a stem of the modern problem of the relationship between the mind and body. He created the early version to further explain the interaction of the mind and body, to create a firm foundation that can be explained through scienceRead MoreThe Theory Of The Mind Body Problem2474 Words   |  10 PagesSonya Cronkrite PHI 344 June 21, 2016 The Mind- Body Problem The mind-body problem is the dilemma of explaining how mental states, events, and processes are related to physical states, events, and processes, given that the human body is a physical thing and the mind is not physical. How does the mind associate with the body if they are not considered the same entities? In this essay I will attempt to persuade you that the mind and the body operate together, one having an effect on the otherRead MoreThe Theory The Mind Body Problem1830 Words   |  8 Pagesphilosophical theories in attempt to solve the mind-body problem. The mind-body problem looks to explain both mental and physical properties and how they work together or if the two even work together. Mental properties are things that only you can feel directly. In other words, mental properties are private like experience, emotion and beliefs. Physical properties include: size, weight, shape and color. This means physical properties are observable to the public. One theory the mind-body problem hasRead MoreThe Theory Of The Mind Body Problem1198 Words   |  5 PagesIn the philosophical world there is a constant controversial debate of the mind body problem. This debate focuses on the different interpretations of the brain and its correlation to the consciousness. Philosophical theorists have used several approaches to explain this extremely subjective matter. The idea that the conscious being apart of the body or mental is diverse and theoretically proven to an indirect statement in comparison to the various arguments provided. Thus one may need to take a directRead MoreThe Theory Of The Mind Body Problem1199 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION: In the philosophical world there is a constant controversial debate of the mind body problem. This debate focuses on the different interpretations of the brain and its correlation to the consciousness. Philosophical theorists have used several approaches to explain this extremely subjective matter. The idea that the conscious being apart of the body or mental is diverse and theoretically proven to an indirect statement in comparison to the various arguments provided. Thus one may needRead MoreDescartes Dualism And The Mind Body Theory1322 Words   |  6 Pagesdualism states that the mind and body are separate entities. The mind is a nonphysical, non-spatial substance; the mind and brain are separate existences, the brain is a part of the physical body and serves as a connection between the body and mind. Dualism is a hot topic of argument on whether the theory holds any validity or if it holds any truth. However, Cartesian dualism is a credible theory and has a lot of support to ve rify it. One major point in Descartes mind-body theory is the substance dualismRead MoreExploring the Different Theories Involved in the Mind and Body Problem1654 Words   |  7 PagesExploring the Different Theories Involved in the Mind and Body Problem I will attempt to do this by firstly defining what the mind and body is secondly discussing what the mind and body problem is. Thirdly discussing the existing approaches to the problem and finally discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the approaches. The body is that which we perceive ourselves to be with our senses. It usually includes arms, legs a head and so on. The mind is that which is responsibleRead MoreHuman Mind is Determined by the Body in the Emodiment Theory Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is embodiment? The embodiment theory holds that the nature of the human mind is largely determined by the form of the human body. Embodied cognition reflects the argument that the motor system influences our cognition, just as the mind influences bodily actions. People could be more effective if they thought/processed and planned and perceived as little as possible. A person’s intelligence would be used towards only handling the minimal amount of information necessary to make their behaviorRead MoreThe Mind Body Problem : Nagel s Theory Of Phenomenal Consciousness834 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience by using multiple examples, defining this phenomenon of consciousness arguing that it is an essential part of the mind-body problem. This exegesis will be concentrated on exploring Nagel’s theory of phenomenal consciousness, al so known as â€Å"qualia†, by examining in depth the meaning of his sayings. Nagel argues that consciousness is such an important part of the mind-body dilemma because it is an individual experience that cannot be understood by our personal understanding or by objective

Eco City Advantages And Disadvantages - 1268 Words

(2.1)Eco-City ( Concept and Defination) :- An eco-city is a city built from the principles of living within environment means. The ultimate goal of many eco-cities is to eliminate all carbon waste (zero-carbon city), to produce energy entirely through renewable resources, and to merge the city harmoniously with the natural environment. The term ‘eco-city’ surfaced in the 1970s, when a US-based movement known as Urban Ecology first used it. Founded in California, the group launched the journal. The group was founded by Richard Register in Berkeley, California in 1975, and was founded with the idea of reconstructing cities to be in balance with nature. The term today depicts a city that adheres to the three core pillars of sustainability:†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, the resources and energy needed for new construction of a city will be far greater than redeveloping an existing city. However, the beliefs and movement toward eco-cities has spread worldwide and has taken strong hold among planner. In spite of setback for some project, eco-city has will be main driving force for today cities and tomorrow cities. Eco-cities can be built on existing eco-cities or new master plan eco-city. Most propose master plan eco-city is to be developed in several stages in the next fifteen to forty years. Some of the relevant issue for Eco-city planning concept for developing new city or adapting for existing cities are as follow: †¢ Eco-city is based on holistic approach. This integrated approach is hindered by fragmented administrative structures, political rivalries and a disregard for citizen expertise. As in Dongtan case, the surrounding inhabitants are not even consulted and not aware of the projects. †¢ Eco-city concept is not really encouraged by policy makers and planner as there are suspicious of the intention as it involve alternative ways of decision-making (e.g. community involvement), the implementation of new technologies (e.g. like Personal rapid transit for Masdar or energy generation ) and new organisational solutions (e.g. multiple use). The additional costs involved and loss of influence are some of their main concerns. †¢ Eco-city concept may fail due to lack of political will and commitments on theShow MoreRelatedFossil Fuels Advantages And Disadvantages1399 Words   |  6 Pagesof their energy output. The downside is that is very harmful to the environment, so that is why we have renewable sources that are eco-friendly. Renewable energies still have not won the favor of the crowd because fossil fuel use is still much higher than renewable energy. The topics that will be talked about is the problem of fossil fuels, advantages and disadvantages of renewable resources, and an innovative solution. Fossil fuels are renewable to a certain extent, but are ultimately nonrenewableRead MoreExamine the Effects of Globalisation on China1208 Words   |  5 Pagesenrolling 410,000 students a year. This has benefitted Xiamen greatly; by providing more jobs (thus reducing unemployment), providing a transfer of technology, increased money into public services, and improving living conditions. However there are disadvantages to foreign investment and the development of SEZ’s, with inequalities between rural and urban areas heightened. This is particularly true of universities, with only 6% of rural children likely to go into higher education, whilst urban childrenRead MoreCreative Proposals And Innovative Solutions855 Words   |  4 Pagesreceives digital personalized vouchers or coupons, based on individual’s purchase history/habits. It will replace all old-fashioned loyalty (club) cards for virtual one. †¢ Grocery store of Luxury Foods : gourmet food met -premium quality ECO food ,wine ,flowers; -city center location; -comfortable parking; -gourmet food DRIVE(like McDonalds Drive) ,take away pre-ordered basket; - RFID shopping system; -high professional personal; -luxury design showcase and interior; -LCD monitors in the shop that presentRead MoreHow Solar Panels Affect The Environment1854 Words   |  8 Pages Along with that, the overuse of technology has impacted climate change. However, there have been some shifts in technological innovations towards creating eco-friendly technology that will help the environment. Instead of wasting resources, the eco-friendly technology is renewable and would positively impact the globe. One example of the eco-friendly innovations that have helped the environment is solar panels. Throughout this paper, I will talk about how solar panels affect the society and theRead MoreZar Business Model And Marketing Tactics1308 Words   |  6 Pagesdistribution group, is one of Spain’s greatest successes in that they have dominated the global market. Their unique business model and marketing tactics have a lot to do with this company’s worldwide success. This retailer exhibits a creative and eco-friendly business plan that integrates design, just-in-time production, marketing and sales. With a vertically integrated supply chain system, Zara controls product design, development, manufacturing, selling and distribution to retailers, product serviceRead MoreFuturistic Zero Emission Vehicles And Eco Cities1489 Words   |  6 PagesAppendix Research Questions 1. Mutualism of futuristic zero emission vehicles and Eco cities a. Introduction to Msdar City b. Design and Technologies c. Markets and consumers d. Architectural issues we might face in the future e. Evolving mobility: How could the automobile contribute in an urban Eco-city? 2. Use of natural energy in futuristic vehicles eco cities a. Future of renewable energy b. Future of wireless energy transfer c. Future solutions to researchable batteries d. Future of solarRead MoreStrategic Marketing Plan For Marriott1359 Words   |  6 Pagesprofitability. Other than these six strategies, Marriott also developed a corporate social responsibility strategy known as the â€Å"Spirit to serve†. (Marriot, 2014) Sources of its advantage 1. The Marriott Brands: Marriott has over 500 locations worldwide and they see their brand name and quality as a source of advantage. Marriott owns a number of brands that cover both high-end and mid-level segment of market. The Renaissance hotel brand, Ritz-Carlton hotel brand, Autograph and Edition are the luxuryRead MoreNuclear Technology After the World War II Essay938 Words   |  4 Pagessource of energy because it has no carbon emissions, energy is available at any time, little fuel is needed for a lot of energy, and as time goes on, it is becoming safer and safer. A major advantage of nuclear power is that it does not release any carbon emissions like fossil fuels (â€Å"Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy†). The burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases, which is what causes global warming. The transition to using fewer resources like these and using more nuclear powerRead MoreSouth Korea - Mode of Entry968 Words   |  4 Pages* Capitalizing on technological advantage, * Strengthening core competencies, * Achieving tax benefits, * Achieving economies of scale * Reactive Motivations * Local competition is increasing, * Experiencing excess capacity of wine production, * Saturated local wine market SLIDES 2-5: Four Possible Modes of Entry: * 1. Exporting * Indirect Exporting * Direct Exporting * Advantages: * Avoids cost of establishingRead MoreBalancing Ecosystems Essay examples900 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Concerned Citizen City Council of Glimmerville Date: 09/21/2014 To whom it may concern: First let me start off by introducing myself my name is Nicole Santa Isabel I live on the Big Island of Hawaii. Currently a student for the University of Phoenix taking a course in environmental science when I came across Glimmerville and its concerns with Grass Carp. Sparksville’s aquatic ecosystem is also having issues with balancing the ecosystem. This letter is to bring some light and maybe provided some

The American High School System Handicaps Its Students

The American high school system handicaps its students academically. High school lacks the academic tools to properly prepare high school students for the college setting. Students who are accustomed to the high school teaching style will have a hard time adjusting to college educators. High school students most likely will be uncomfortable with a college educators strict rules during a course. Today, school students struggle with basic reading and mathematics. They aren t challenging themselves in reading. High school students depend on the teachers to remind them of their assignments. Many high school will have developed poor study habits throughout their high school years. This will make their adjustment in college harder. High†¦show more content†¦Students are encouraged at a young age by parents and educators to plan well in advance for college and pressured to do great on a daily basis in school. Some high school students do not put forth enough effort to plan for college until their senior year. Some high school seniors think that because they make great grades they do not have to worry about getting into college. Other high school students plan and prep as if it is the only thing that is important. Some claim high school actually prepares students for college. This is by my connections with peers, enrolling in challenging courses, and also indulging in extra curricular activities. While enrolling in high school class that is as challenging as a college course is a good option, many students do not push themselves to do such. If they did push themselves, they’re reading, writing, and mathematics levels would increase. Befriending high school peers can give students some insight as to how to properly prepare for college. Generally, high school students do not indulge in this form of information exchanging. Extra curricular activities could aid students in preparing for the busy schedule that comes with enrolling in college. High school students lack the etiquette they need in the college setting. In high school, students depend on the teachers to give them their assignments and remind them on the assignments they need to complete. College professors assign the workShow MoreRelatedHow Bilingualism Has Impacted The United States Modern Education System1114 Words   |  5 Pageshas impacted the United States’ modern education system. He describes an amendment that would constitute English as the official in the United States, which he believes can be a potential threat to the educational system. Gonzalez suggests that instead of having an amendment that constitutes English as the national language, American schools should implement Spanish to highlight the importance of being bilingualism in the American educational system. A constitutional amendment declaring English asRead MoreEssay on The Negative Effects of Affirmative Action on Education1472 Words   |  6 PagesImagine going through your s chool years working hard academically in hopes of going to a respectable college and broadening your horizons. Unfortunately, many students in America strive to reach this goal only to be rejected because the university had to meet a racial quota. Every year in America many students are turned down from colleges because the University was required to select a set amount of minorities before them thanks to something knows as affirmative action. On the other hand, you mayRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article President Bush Announced On A Nation At Risk982 Words   |  4 Pagesthat every child starts school ready to learn; (2) To raise the high school graduation rate to 90%; (3) To ensure that every student leaving the 4th, 8th, and 12th grades can demonstrate competence in core subjects; (4) To make students fir it in the world in math and science achievements; (5) To ensure that every adult is literate and has the skills necessary to compete in a global economy and is able to fulfill the duties of citizenship; and (6) To free American schools I from drugs and violenceRead MoreMexican Educational System.1224 Words   |  5 PagesMexican Educational System The Mexican Constitution, established in 1917, outlined the necessity for public education, creating a definitive forum for addressing the educational needs of the country at the beginning of the century (Althaus 1). Though the Constitution addressed the issue of education, it did not provide a directive for promoting educational systems, and Mexico has had to address the difficult problem of providing an educational system for hundreds of different indigenous languagesRead MoreHistorical Perspective of Sped1456 Words   |  6 Pagesand under the American regime that the Filipino children with disabilities were given the chance to be educated. Mr. Fred Atkinson, General Superintendent of Education, proposed to the Secretary of Public Instruction that the children whom he found deaf and blind should be enrolled in school like any other ordinary children. However, the country’s special education program formally started on 1907. Mr. David Barrows, Director of Public Education, and Miss Delight Rice, an American educator, workedRead MoreCollege Students: Stress Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pagesthe nervous system and releasing hormones, which enhances an individual’s ability to work while under pressure. Stress isn’t always blamed on abrupt events, but can also by at fault of a long-lasting situation. Stress is a healthy occurrence, but only in moderation. Long-term stress can release a constant stream of stress hormones over a prolonged period of time, wearing down the body’s energy, and immune system, leaving a person feeling overwhelmed and tired (Lyness). School students, especiallyRead MoreMovers and Shakers Essay811 Words   |  4 Pagessignificant changes. Students are now required to learn and behave by standard guidelines. Teachers are now held accountable for teaching certain lessons to the students. There are people, laws, and organized groups that have done extensive research and studies to decide who should learn what and in which manner. The following articles will explain a few of those changes and the impact each has had on education. In 1859, a lawsuit commonly known as the Kalamazoo School Case, supported educationRead MoreEducation Industry Laws and Regulations941 Words   |  4 Pages The education industry has many laws and regulations that protects the teachers and students. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was established in 2004. This is a federal law that governs how public agencies and states serve children with disabilities from birth to age 21. This act consists of different parts and the second part addresses the education of school age children with disabilities. This is to ensure that every child with a disability has a free public educationRead MoreThe Importance of the Act of Reading† by Paulo Freire essay1318 Words   |  6 Pagesof reading style, where a reader learns and fluctuates before actually reading. The text, words, and letters would take on imageries of Freires world and the more he perceived the images, the signs would emerge to him. It was when Freire started school that a teacher showed him that reading words, phrases or sentences never entailed a break with reading the world, but as to reading the word mean t reading the words-world. Freire compares the ways in which experience itself is read through communicationRead MoreThe Importance of Improving Public Education Essay examples1453 Words   |  6 Pagesand more specifically the â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act.† The No Child Left Behind Act was not the first law passed to affect the nation’s educational systems, nor will it be the last. There have been several problems laid out with the various educational systems put into place, and there are many things we could do today to better our educational systems in the future. Before President Bush’s No Child Left Behind Act went into place there was the â€Å"Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.†

Descartes s Idea Of God - 888 Words

Descartes uses the trademark argument as a way to eventually prove that our clear and distinct ideas are true and real, but he follows a specifically in-line methodology to get to this conclusion first. To begin his argument, he says simply says that he clearly has an idea of God, but he quickly segues this into the point that everything of existence, including his idea of God, has a cause. So if everything that exists has a cause, and it is understood that something cannot come from nothing, where does this idea come from? Descartes goes then to say that ideas of every kind must be of the same reality rooted in the cause of the idea, or where it came from, that is in the effect of the idea, which is the mind having the perception of the idea or thing; this concept is independently called the Reality Principle. He says this more simply by portraying that if we know an idea, then the thing that caused the idea must always have the same reality to produce the idea itself; this concept, or argument, essentially proves God exists as the idea of God has no other way to come about other than through God himself. Descartes then proves that God is not a deceiver by showing that the beginning of anything must come from God, due, again, to the concept that ideas or objects cannot be consequent of nothingness or randomness, and that because truth is the base and beginning of all ideas and knowledge, deceit cannot be from God, as God is perfect and true and deceitfulness cannot existShow MoreRelatedDeception Is Incompatible With God1451 Words   |  6 Pages Why does Descartes think deception is incompatible with God? Descartes is implying that God is an entity that s entirely perfect--there isn t a flaw to Him and His actions are evident of that. With trickery or deception, both words have negative connotations to them. They imply some sort of lying or untruthful behavior. To indicate that there is a relationship between God and this untruthful behavior, an individual is also claiming that there is a flaw (or â€Å"imperfection†) in God. However, HeRead MoreWilliam Robertson Smith, A Scottish Orientalist, Old Testament1692 Words   |  7 PagesThe god can no more exist without his people than the nation without its god. This quote means that the amount of belief that people have on God reflects on how much hope God has for a nation. This quote ties into various discussions that have been going on for a long time, and that is whether or not God exists. A well known philosopher who shares his view on this argument would be Rene Descartes who says, I think therefore I am. This assertion has come to be known as the cogito. Descartes struggledRead MoreThomas Aquinas vs. Descarates Essays673 Words   |  3 Pagesphilosophers Thomas Aquinas’s and Rene Descartes used the method of ontological argument for the existence of God and used intuition and reason alone to get to each other’s theory. Rene Descartes wrote out several mediations, but the one we’re going to touch base on is meditation III that he wrote in the 1600’s; While Thomas Aquinas’s wrote his five proofs of God in 1270 that specifies God’s existence in each proof; the one that gives the best argument is the existence of God in his III proof. While both philosophersRead MoreDescartes Belief in God Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesDescartes and God In his groundbreaking work, Meditations on First Philosophy, the French philosopher Rene Descartes lays the groundwork for many philosophical principles by attempting to â€Å"establish a bold and lasting knowledge† (171)1. The foundations for knowledge Descartes established would go on to influence a plethora of other philosophers and philosophical works. Descartes argues in his meditations first from the point of view of complete skepticism, using skepticism as a tool in order toRead MoreThe Meditations On First Philosophy1486 Words   |  6 Pagesexistence of God those progresses from the existence of an idea of an unlimited existence in the human mind—an idea of God—to the being of God himself. Insofar as we have an idea of an unlimited existence, an idea with â€Å"infinite independent reality†, we can reasonably ask when it arrived to us. The only thinkable reason of this impression, prerogatives Descartes, is an countless existence, explicitly, God . The manifestation of correct this knowledge in the proof is crucial. In element, Descartes continuesRead MoreDescartes Second Argument For The Existence Of God1642 Words   |  7 PagesPaper: Descartes’ Second Argument for the Existence of God As with almost all of Descartes inquiries the roots of his second argument for the existence of God begin with his desire to build a foundation of knowledge that he can clearly and distinctly perceive. At the beginning of the third meditation Descartes once again recollects the things that he knows with certainty. The problem arises when he attempts to clearly and distinctly understand truths of arithmetic and geometry. Descartes has enoughRead MoreSimilarities Between Descartes And Nietzsche s View On God s Existence937 Words   |  4 Pages Is there truly a God or something superior to us? Yes of course. Conversely, atheists are people who don’t believe that God or a divine being exists. For the most part, atheists have acknowledged that the most reasonable conclusions are the ones that have the best evidential support. They have argued that the evidence in favor of God’s existence is too weak or the arguments in favor of concluding there is no God are more compell ing. Two ancient philosophers, Descartes and Nietzsche’s have differentRead MoreThe On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes1699 Words   |  7 PagesIn his work Meditations on First Philosophy, published in 1641, Renà © Descartes sets out to establish a set of indubitable truths for the sciences. He begins by discarding all of his beliefs, then works to rebuild his beliefs based on careful thought. Descartes clearly states this goal, saying in the First Meditation, â€Å"I will work my way up†¦ I will accomplish this by putting aside everything that admits of the least doubt† (I, 17). He is able to establish his own existence, but struggles to move beyondRead MoreThe Projetion of the Perfection Paradox1176 Words   |  5 Pagesmind, by analyzing proofs that Descartes finds it can be seen if this was achieved. The proof that God exist is a defining moment in the discourse since God is continually referenced for origin of true knowledge. The reference to God does not only set the stage for further proofs on knowledge, but as the original truth, all of what Descartes finds real can be related back to God. This idea will be key in order to keep the excising of the method going when Descartes falls stagnant when relating toRead MoreEssay about Descartes vs. Spinoza1588 Words   |  7 PagesTerm Paper, Philosophy 1107 Aaron Davis Evaluation Comparison Between Descartes and Spinoza About The Paper: What I will do in this following paper is to discuss two very interesting philosophers, Rene Descartes and Benedictus de Spinoza. I will discuss each philosopher’s perspectives and insights on their most recognized theories and thoughts. I will then evaluate them and then give my opinion on the given topic. By doing this, I will contrast the similarities and

The Effect of Globalization on Young People Free Essays

As the degree of globalization is being strengthened in the present-day world, the issue of globalization has been a highly controversial topic, stimulating extensive attention among the economists and commentators. It is widely agreed that globalization produces widespread and profound impact on every field of the whole world, especially on the aspects of society, economy, politics and culture. However, there is a growing difference of opinion on whether the effects of globalization are beneficial or not. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Globalization on Young People or any similar topic only for you Order Now In spite of some negative effects that the anti-globalization groups point out, the positive impact produced by globalization is comprehensive and significant. Many economists consider the process of globalization as the main motivator for social progress, economic growth and cultural exchange. Thus, this essay will be mainly concerned with the beneficial effects of globalization on economy, education and world peace. From the economic perspective, economic globalization contributes to a higher growth rate in the developing countries which are involved in globalization. The positive effects should be attributed to openness associated with globalization. On one hand, according to Rappaport (2000), openness to international trade empowers these developing countries to develop their competitive advantages in manufacturing a certain products, thus making more profits. On the other hand, it is illustrated in Romer (1993) that opening to foreign direct investment can narrow the gaps between developing and developed nations by stimulating the flow of domestic capital and introducing advanced technology and equipment, thereby improving efficiency and productivity and speeding economic growth in developing countries. A good case in point is that economic growth rate in China significantly increased by 2. 3% from 1975 to 2000 due to implementing economic globalization (Dreher, 2006). In addition, from the educational standpoint, technological globalization is advantageous to the educational development. This is mainly based on the widespread utilization of information and communication technology around the world. It increases the availability of education and allows more students to engage themselves in various academic exchanges cross the borders. Kellner (2002) points out that the participation in academic communication at a global level is a perfect interactive platform for students living in different parts of the world to have access to and share information and knowledge. It is also argued in Kellner (2002) that more opportunities are offered to students to have access to those research libraries or institutions, which were inaccessible in the past. These positive effects brought by globalization can contribute to promoting the development of global education. Finally, globalization promotes world peace that is the prerequisite to accelerate the common development of all countries. For one hand, economic interchange at the global level encourages all the countries in the world to cooperate with each other. It is illustrated by Martin and Mayer (2008), it is extremely essential for nations who want to profit from global trade to establish friendly relations with other countries. For another hand, mutual interaction in international commercial activities contributes to strengthening their contacts between different countries. Martin and Mayer (2008) also believe that in order to further promote their prosperity, those countries which are involved in the globalization not only enhance their contacts with other countries but also tighten those ties. Consequently, global economic interchanges promote mutual comprehension, cooperation, and contacts between different states around the world, in turn, promoting the world peace. In conclusion, by analyzing the benefits brought by globalization to the three main aspects: economy, education and society, this paper presents the positive effects of globalization, supported by relevant evidence from academic materials. In particular, it is described in this paper that globalization is of significant benefits for economic growth in developing countries, educational development and world peace. How to cite The Effect of Globalization on Young People, Essay examples

Tele Health In Rural And Remote Australia †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Issues In Tele-Health In Rural And Remote Australia? Answer: Introduction The life expectancy of the indigenous population of Australia is 10-11 years than the non-indigenous population of the country (Moffatt Eley, 2010). This shows that indigenous population and people living in the remote and rural areas of Australia are facing the problems of lack of access to health care services. The health of people living in remote and rural sites is significantly poorer than their urban counterparts, because this population suffers from more chronic disease, and has low socio-economic status. Their physical and mental health is poor than the remaining urban population. Therefore, the provision of Telehealth has been initiated by Australia and many other countries, to improve the access of the rural and remote population to health care services. There are many barriers that restrict their access of health care services. These barriers are distance, waiting time, transportation facilities, and high fees of the physicians, family disruptions, low income, discrimination, racism and other social disparities. Due to these reasons, rural and remote populations suffer from poor mental and physical health. Telehealth is an effective way to increase the access of the population to health care services with the use of technology in the rural and remote areas (John Wakerman, 2015). Telehealth enable to receive health care from the distance and allows receiving specialist services as well. Therefore, this paper will discuss the concept of telehealth and what exactly is facilitated through this approach. Paper will also briefly discuss the benefits of telehealth and how it can help in improving the health outcomes. However, paper will mainly focus on identifying the issues in telehealth that are making it a slow process that is fraught w ith failures. According to the definition, eHealth or Telehealth refers to the health care components delivered, enabled or supported through the use of information and communications technology (Miyazaki, et al, 2012). Such technology includes the professional communication among the health care providers. Via online services patients can also access to specialist services, without physically accessing the service. Online tools and resources can be effectively used for it. Tele-health can be considered as a means of delivering effective health care service to the people with the help of telecommunication. According to the study of Bywood, Raven Butler (2013), telehealth can be considered as the umbrella term for the telecommunication based or electronic expansion of the health care services. The services could include clinical as well as non-clinical services. The non-clinical services in the health care system include the Electronic Health Record (EHR) and telemedicine (telehealth clinical serv ices). The health care system of Australia requires the reevaluation for the identification of the new ways of care, improving the health outcomes and for providing device based telehealth (Miyazaki, et al, 2012). The access to the healthcare services is often very limited for the people living in the rural and remote areas. The access to the services becomes more difficult for the people, who have restricted functionality or mobility. Telehealth service can be an effective way of reducing the health inequalities in accessing the health care services. Some of the important equipments that are included in providing the telehealth care are the commercially-available videoconferencing equipment. Such equipments also include the peripheral equipment, such as a digital stethoscope or a close-up camera (Bywood, Raven Butler, 2013). In very small number of cases Skype technology is also used. However, the effectiveness of this technology is under scrutiny and very limited studies have verified its effectiveness with weak designs. The telehealth services were mainly based in the hospitals, which now also includes the other locations, such as aged care settings, community health care centers and health care centers for the Aboriginal people. Some of the most significant specialist services are offered through telehealth services are the services for the acute or chronic care that further includes mental health/psychiatry, paediatrics, radiology, dermatology, pathology, endocrinology, oncology, neurology, dentistry, burns and wound care (Bursell et al, 2013). Telehealth services are also significantly used for the diagnosis of the disease in the palliative care. The management and coordination of the telehealth for the indigenous people is done differently in Australia. In some of the jurisdictions of Australia, telehealth is centrally managed by NSW Telehealth Network. However, in some other states the telehealth service is privately managed by the general practitioners (GPs) and community care centers in Tasma nia, through private hospital in South and Western Australia and through Rural Health Alliance in Victoria (Bradford, Caffery Smith, 2016). Through the evidences of the cost effectiveness of the telehealth services are very limited, but such services can be cost effective for the people suffering with chronic and life threatening conditions. It significantly plays an important role in providing services in aged care and indigenous population (Wade, Eliott, Hiller, 2012). This service is very effective for the frail people, who may suffer from poor functionality and mobility. The important aspect of the telehealth services is that they are required to be tailored and altered according to the local conditions, and conditions of the healthcare system (Caffery et al, 2016). Identifying the specific needs of the population according to the geographical location is also important. Some of the significant benefits of the telehealth are that people living in the poor socio-economic conditions or those who are living in the rural and remote areas can have better access to health care service. The improved access will also improv e the physical and psychological well being of the people. The waiting time will be reduced, travelling time will be saved, and the system will provide greater convenience for the patients and enhance their level of satisfaction (Moffatt Eley, 2010). Most of indigenous population of Australia lives in the remote and rural areas of the country, and the mortality rate is very high among the this population due to the high rate of the diseases like, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, cancer and mental disorders. The respiratory diseases also have the higher prevalence among this population that significantly affects the physical and mental well being of people (Shulver, Killington, Crotty, 2016). Improving the accessibility of the primary health care services is important for reducing the health disparities and improving the health status of people. Telehealth can be significant step for achieving the goal of good health among the rural population. Telehealth is a significant effort for targeting Aboriginal communities. Specialists services are required for addressing various health issues that are experienced by the rural and remote population of the country. The goal behind improving the access to the primary and specialist care is to improve the health of people and fulfilling the healthcare needs of Indigenous people. The primary and specialist care can address the population from various age groups. Aboriginal community-controlled health services (ACCHSs) are responsible for providing the primary and specialist healthcare services to the Australian Indigenous population (Caffery et al, 2016). However, due to the financial restrictions, providing specialist care and services in the rural and remote areas is difficult and costly. Therefore, the alternative care modal are required and one such model is Telehealth (Caffery et al, 2016). Benefit of the Telehealth in Providing Primary Health Care How to provide the primary health care in the rural and remote areas remains a significant challenge for the government of Australia and for the health care services as well. Bradford, Caffery Smith, (2016) states that One-third of Australias 23 million people live in rural or remote locations and these people live in towns, communities and isolated locations that have limited access to services and small population counts, which is less than 10,000. People living the rural and remote areas of Australia are mainly the disadvantage groups because of their geographical location that makes it very difficult to access healthcare services. Therefore, these people experience poor health in comparison to the urban population of the country. According to the data obtained from the national census, the mortality rate of people, who are less that 65 years is double than their urban counterparts. Also, the life expectancy is four years lesser than those living in urban areas. All this can be a ssociated with the poor health and poor access to the health care facilities. The equity of the health care service has been a significant goal of health sector of Australia (Gagnon et al, 2006). However, the access to healthcare services by the rural population is influenced by the distance, time and geography. The continuity of care and coordination are difficult to achieve and the disease burden on the rural and remote population is increasing. These problems also lead to the difficulty in monitoring the health and health outcomes of people. The cost of healthcare is escalating; due to which the retention and recruitment of the heath care professionals in the rural and low economies is becoming difficult. The dilemma in providing the service to the people and people receiving the service is being faced by the health care authorities all over Australia. Delivering the healthcare service in the rural and remote areas is becoming challenging. Telehealth has become one of the effective solutions for the health care providers to deliver their quality services in the remote locations and to address the ongoing challenge. Health care at the distance can be effectively provided through telehealth. Telehealth can be effective measure to deliver the service, where the distance becomes the critical factor. By the using of the communication technology and information delivery system, health care professionals are able to deliver their services (Moffatt, Eley, 2011). The exchange of information allows the effective diagnosis of the diseases, treatment and prevention of diseases and injuries, evaluation and research and also helps in providing health care education to the consumers. Telehealth allows taking the effective and continuous steps in the interest of people and improving their health outcomes. The Telehealth services can use the real time information for service delivery or they can also use stored and forwarded information. Some of the other significant benefits of telehealth include supporting patients with better access to health care, reduced length of stay in the health care setting, reduced demand of the emergency services, improved service quality, improved clinical outcomes, reduced financial cost of access and transportation, timely diagnosis, improved care facility for the chronic disease, individualized care for the complex and chronic diseases, health education as well as peer support provision (Bursell et al, 2013). Barriers to Telehealth or Issues in Telehealth Despite of the obvious benefits of telehealth, the practical implementation and integration of the telehealth in the mainstream health care practice is very slow and has been facing many barriers (Jang-Jaccard et al, 2014). The scale and pace of development and adoption of telehealth has not been done in the same manner as it was anticipated. The evidences have also shown that many pilot programs have not migrated into the sustained services (Wade Eliott, 2012). The challenges and barriers associated with the telehealth services in Australia are well descrined through the perspective ethicolegal concerns, clinician preference for face-to-face consultations, funding models, change management practices, administration personnel and resources (Wade, Eliott Hiller, 2012). Such observation related to telehealth are not just limited to Austrlia , the international up-take of the telehealth has not been consistent according to available evidences. It has not into pace with the rapid advan cement in the health and communication technologies and not much opportunities have been noticed for the health care service delivery at a distance (Penz et al, 2007). Infrastructure Issues The rural and remote infrastructure has improved over the years in terms of improving the access of the people to primary and acute care services. Despite of the significant efforts, the gap has been found in the health care funding for the rural and remote infrastructure (John Wakerman, 2015). The rural and remote areas are primary and aged care deficit. At present, one of the major barriers to the teleheath is to find the doctors and health practitioners to connect with the patients or consumers. Although, evidences have shown that there are plenty of the telehealth projects in Australia, but these are mostly working in silos. No central instructions are yet offered. However, some of the organizations are working towards it (Caffery et al, 2016). Infrastructure and Technological Barriers The major barrier to up take telehealth is related to the infrastructure (Moffatt Eley, 2011). The infrastructure problem is the major problem. Therefore the health care services in the remote and rural areas have to increase their accommodation facilities for providing effective care to patients. The infrastructure also includes the appropriate access to Internet. Telehealth is mainly based on the proper access to internet, but the rural and remote areas of Australia often suffer from the poor access to internet. The ability to access internet is also hampered by the lack of equipments that are mandatory for accessing internet. The lack of broadband connection makes it difficult to access internet and communicate with specialists. The required bandwidth for the video conferencing is not appropriately available. Some of the other fundamental problems associated with infrastructure are that computers are not available, computers do not have the cameras, or the computer lacks the soft ware that are important for the camera. The tele conferences services are required to be eliminated for improving telehealth services (Moffatt Eley, 2011). The main aspect of the telehealth that was associated with providing service to the indigenous population was that to offer the culturally safe and competent care through video conferencing. The local Aboriginal health practitioner can help people in accessing the specialist care through video conferencing. But, the problem with video conferencing arises in choosing the video conferencing platform (Shulver, Killington, Crotty, 2016). There are various kinds of the video conferencing platforms and not all the video conferencing platforms are interoperable, which means that there is no guarantee that the platform of the consumer will work with the platform used by the health care practitioner. The interoperationality issue of the technology, it is important that communities of the physicians and other health care professionals should be made. The community of the professionals will help in reducing the problem of platforms (Penz et al, 2007). Some of the early telehealth users were al so dependent on using Skype. However, there are imminent issues with the Skype, such as the quality of the video and reliability are not up to the mark. Lack of Medical Workforce Supply versus demand is another barrier in effective implication of the telehealth services in Australia. The supply of the professional physicians in the rural and remote areas of the country is very less (Shulver, Killington, Crotty, 2016). The medical human resource and the increasing demand of the medical workforce is the growing issue for the remote and rural communities of Australia. The health care system has been highly affected by the technological advancement in the professional practice. The uneven distribution of the medical professionals and medical workforce in the country is a big issue. There has been a shortage of the medical professionals and physicians in the remote and rural areas, which is mainly problematic for the smooth flow of the telehealth service (Steventon et al, 2012). The shortage of the physicians, again limits the access of the deprived people to healthcare services. Still there are many small cities and remote areas that are facing the problem of sh ortage of the medical human resources. There are approximately 335 specialists working in the urban areas, while there are only 148 specialists working in the remote areas (Shulver, Killington, Crotty, 2016). This variation in the figures reflects the health inequality. Perspective of the Stakeholders The distance from the health care services also drives down the participation of rural and remote area population in health care. According to Steventon et al (2012), Many telehealth services remain at the status of innovation, not extending beyond research pilots or niche markets to become part of routine healthcare delivery. The implementation of the telehealth has identified that improvement in the various areas for addressing the technological issues, infrastructure issues, change management, organizational and jurisdictional boundaries, as well as funding. Most of the general practitioners have accepted the concept of telehealth for improving the services, still there are some barriers which is restricting the effective delivery (Moffatt Eley, 2011). The most commonly identified barrier by the GPs are resistance to change, hassle of coordinating with the specialists and taking appointments from them, concerns related to the clinical quality, needs of equipments and technophobia , availability of the specialists, and lack of knowledge of the specialists in providing effective treatment (Armfield et al, 2014). However, it is also important to understand the perspective and thoughts of the various stakeholders involved in the telehealth services. The most important stakeholders are the patients, physicians, healthcare professionals, policy makers, managers, and information technologists (Armfield et al, 2014). One of the most crucial aspects of the telehealth implementation is about understanding the direct perspective of the providers and their attitude and satisfaction towards implementing telehealth services (Sandberg et al, 2009). Some of the consumers and health care providers still believe in traditional approach. The evidences have shown that some people are reluctant to learn technology or do not possess the learning style required for telemedicine or telehealth. Some of the doctors and physicians also indicated that lack of confidence to use the technology and delivering competent services (Moffatt Eley, 2011). Funding and Time Issues Another significant issue in the growth and expansion of the teleheath is funding. Funding has become a significant barrier in the take up of the telemedicine (Moffatt Eley, 2011). The inadequate funding in telehealth is becoming a frequent issue in Australia, as well as in many other countries. The lack of funding for the GPs, specialists and other staff has been frequently experienced. These professionals are very important for the telehealth consultation, but lack of funding has resulted in lack of professionals. Some of the evidences and participants of the studies have also shown that lack of financial incentives for the professionals in remote sites is a big issue (Moffatt Eley, 2011). The doctors want their service to be cost effective and want to receive better incentives. Lack of medicare, cost for doctors and cost for access are some of the issues that are not being effectively addressed for improving the expansion of telehealth. The telemedicine consultants and some of t he telepsychiatric services are not receiving incentives from the Medicare. Telemedicine becomes more costly for the professionals, because it involves many tasks and lack of funding is also lowering the enthusiasm of the health care professionals (Tracy et al, 2008). The funding issues also restrict the proper flow of the telehealth services. The rural and remote health care infrastructure often lack proper resources for sustaining effective telehealth services (Sabesan et al, 2014). Telehealth provision states that patient should receive the health care close to their homes, but lack of resources and proper infrastructure those effective services cant be delivered (Gagnon et al, 2007). Another major barrier identified in this context is time. The time of consultation offered to the teledermatology is 30 minutes, while the traditional consultation has only 15 minutes. There are not extra incentives or extra pay for the doctors and specialists for providing their extra time. Another aspect of the time barrier is the time spent in learning the technical aspects of the consultation of telehealth and time for doing the things. Lack of skills for handling the equipment is a significant issue. Equipment skills The rural and urban doctors have been found to have lack of skills for using the new equipments and also using the existing equipments. One of the common problems associated with the skills are inability to attach the image or jpeg files with the e-mails or inability to take the x-ray from the x-ray equipments and getting an image that has sufficient clarity. The doctors or physicians in the remote and rural areas have the lack of IT skills as well as lack of confidence to use technology. Training and ongoing support is very important in this regard. Conclusion Paper discussed the concept of telehealth in the Australian health care system. Telehealth is the use of the electronic information and tele-communication technologies to support the system of long distance clinical healthcare. Telehealth is mainly supported with the video technology. Therefore, it requires appropriate technological support and infrastructure. However, the evidences have shown that with anticipated benefits, there are high number of barriers and issues associated with telehealth technology. Paper explains the benefits of telehealth that can improve the quality of health care delivery in Australia. But, identified barriers are restricting the growth and expansion of telehealth. Paper identified that perspective and thoughts of the stakeholders must be integrated with the telehealth. So, that proper implication can be done in the remote and rural areas. The barriers identified in the paper are important to be addressed for elimination the issues of effective service delivery through telehealth. The barrier in up taking the technology based teleheath must be seen from the perspective of the service providers, as well as the service users for improving the clinical practice in remote and rural areas of Australia. References Armfield, N. R., Edirippulige, S. K., Bradford, N., Smith, A. C. (2014). Telemedicineis the cart being put before the horse.Med J Aust,200(9), 530-533. Bradford, N. K., Caffery, L. J., Smith, A. C. (2016). Telehealth services in rural and remote Australia: a systematic review of models of care and factors influencing success and sustainability.Rural and remote health,16(3808). Bursell, S. E., Jenkins, A. J., Brazionis, L., Rowley, K. G., Brown, A. D. (2013). Telehealth in Australia: an evolution in health care services.The Medical journal of Australia,199(1), 23. Bywood, P., Raven, M., Butler, C. (2013). Telehealth in primary health care settings within Australia and internationally, PHCRIS Policy Issue Review.Primary Health Care Research Information Service, Adelaide. Caffery, L. J., Bradford, N. K., Wickramasinghe, S. I., Hayman, N., Smith, A. C. (2016). Outcomes of using telehealth for the provision of healthcare to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: a systematic review.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health. Gagnon, M. P., Duplantie, J., Fortin, J. P., Landry, R. (2006). Implementing telehealth to support medical practice in rural/remote regions: what are the conditions for success?.Implementation science,1(1), 18. Gagnon, M. P., Duplantie, J., Fortin, J. P., Landry, R. (2007). Exploring the effects of telehealth on medical human resources supply: a qualitative case study in remote regions.BMC Health Services Research,7(1), 6. Jang-Jaccard, J., Nepal, S., Alem, L., Li, J. (2014). Barriers for delivering telehealth in rural Australia: a review based on Australian trials and studies.Telemedicine and e-Health,20(5), 496-504. John Wakerman, M. T. H. (2015). Re: Rural and remote health: a progress report.Med J Aust,202(9), 461-462. Miyazaki, M., Igras, E., Liu, L., Ohyanagi, T. (2012). Global Health Through EHealth/Telehealth. Moffatt, J. J., Eley, D. S. (2010). The reported benefits of telehealth for rural Australians.Australian Health Review,34(3), 276-281. Moffatt, J. J., Eley, D. S. (2011). Barriers to the up-take of telemedicine in Australiaa view from providers.Rural and Remote Health,11(1), 1581. Penz, K., DArcy, C., Stewart, N., Kosteniuk, J., Morgan, D., Smith, B. (2007). Barriers to participation in continuing education activities among rural and remote nurses.The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing,38(2), 58-66. Sabesan, S., Allen, D. T., Caldwell, P., Loh, P. K., Mozer, R., Komesaroff, P. A., ... Grabinski, (2014). Practical aspects of telehealth: establishing telehealth in an institution.Internal medicine journal,44(2), 202-205. Sandberg, J., Trief, P. M., Izquierdo, R., Goland, R., Morin, P. C., Palmas, W., ... Weinstock, S. (2009). A qualitative study of the experiences and satisfaction of direct telemedicine providers in diabetes case management.Telemedicine and e-Health,15(8), 742-750. Shulver, W., Killington, M., Crotty, M. (2016). Massive potentialor safety risk? Health worker views on telehealth in the care of older people and implications for successful normalization.BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making,16(1), 131. Steventon, A., Bardsley, M., Billings, J., Dixon, J., Doll, H., Hirani, S., ... Rogers, A. (2012). Effect of telehealth on use of secondary care and mortality: findings from the Whole System Demonstrator cluster randomised trial.Bmj,344, e3874. Tracy J., Rheuban, K., Waters, RJ., DeVany, M., Whitten, P. (2008). Critical Steps to Scaling Telehealth for National Reform.Telemedicine and e-Health, 14(9):990-994 Wade, V. Eliott, J. (2012). The role of the champion in telehealth service development: a qualitative analysis. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 18(8): 490-492. Wade, VA., Eliott, JA. Hiller, JE. (2012). A qualitative study of ethical, medico-legal and clinical governance matters in Australian telehealth services. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 18(2): 109-114

Freight Transportation System for North American - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFreight Transportation System for North American. Answer: Introduction Freight transportation system, especially using the railways as the medium of transport, plays an important role in the creation of a sustainable transport market that is competitive in nature. However, the freight transportation system has been experiencing a downfall in use in recent times, mostly because of the development of roadways. Transportation demand has evolved over time, mostly due to changes in cargo characteristics and customer requirements (Rodrigue, Comtois Slack, 2016). This paper is going to be looking into the difference between the European and North American freight transportation systems and offer a constructive criticism of the two. The North American and European freight systems Almost all the countries in the world have different freight systems, which have been the key driver in shaping their economic conditions. The global freight system has been impacted by technology, infrastructure and different modes that resulted in convergence. Logistical practices in the freight system of the different countries are not uniform (Tolley, Turton, 2014). The North American and the European countries all walk different paths while adopting their freight transportation systems. To understand the differences, different attributes like gateways, value chain, corridors, regulations must be analysed. There are significant differences in the North American and European freight systems and these differences can be broadly classified under three groups. Firstly, the structural disparities which are natural and which can be altered up till a certain degree through different decision making. Secondly, the characteristics and operations of the trains vary significantly in the two regions. Thirdly, both the regions were faced by a deep crisis after the Second World War. The policies that were taken or implemented and how the markets evolved from thereon, completely different paths. Globalization has been the reason behind all the changes that every country has witnessed in terms of long-distance transportation system, communication costs (De Jong et al., 2013). Even though, in the past the trade costs were thought to be powerless over the structure of the global trade systems, they are now being acknowledged and being given their due importance. Even though the North American freight industry experienced an increased productivity and profitability in the last three decades, the European counterpart has been unable to achieve such results. Even after the regulations that were implemented in 1991 and giving full open access to freight rail operators in 2007, the industry in Europe has not been able to come out of the downward trend that has set in. this disparity in the functions and results of the industry in the two different regions may be explained by inherent structural changes, like the difference in the competitiveness of non-surface modes, commodity mix and distance of the shipments (Gonzalez-Feliu, Semet Routhier, 2014). The North American railways and the size of the freight trains are much bigger than the European ones and this is perhaps more striking than the differences in just the modal share of the two regions. The regulatory reforms that were adopted in the last century with aims to revive the freight industr y produced very dissimilar results in the two regions under consideration in the current paper. While comparing the condition and the stance of the freight rail industry in Europe and North America, all the above mentioned parameters have to be taken into account. To understand the differences, what must first be understood is, what are the aspects and areas that truly matter (Frmont, 2016). Also, the different operational actions must also be understood, as well as trying to understand if there are any strategies or policies that can be adopted by the two regions, that are already used by the other, to enhance the conditions of their respective industrial scenarios. There are some basic differences in the prevailing natural conditions of the two continents that affect the freight system. For example, Europe has more ports than North America. The distance between the ports in Europe are also shorter, but there are no land bridges connecting the eastern and western coasts in Europe like in North America (Rodrigue Notteboom, 2013). Some corridors and hinterlands in Europe are highly congested, while the traffic flow in North America is much smoother, opening up the possibility of a better economic condition in North America. The corridors that are regulate by NAFTA, provide the favour to the natural gateways and corridors. However, this is gradually being met by the restructuring of the freight systems in Europe. Conclusion The North American and the European ways of freight transportation system are widely different, but the differences are quickly being met and the gaps are being bridged. Western Europe has freight systems that are intense both in coastal regions as well as inlands, while North America already has that advantage across all the countries. Different attributes and parameters are in play here, which need to be more closely monitored to understand the reasons for the widespread disparities. References De Jong, G., Vierth, I., Tavasszy, L., Ben-Akiva, M. (2013). Recent developments in national and international freight transport models within Europe.Transportation,40(2), 347-371. Frmont, A. (2016). The transfer of freight from road to rail transport.Sustainable railway futures: Issues and challenges, 109-125. Gonzalez-Feliu, J., Semet, F., Routhier, J. L. (Eds.). (2014Sustainable urban logistics: Concepts, methods and information systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Rodrigue, J. P., Notteboom, T. (2013). Containerized freight distribution in North America and Europe. InHandbook of Global Logistics(pp. 219-246). Springer New York. Rodrigue, J. P., Comtois, C., Slack, B. (2016).The geography of transport systems. Taylor Francis. Tolley, R., Turton, B. J. (2014).Transport systems, policy and planning: a geographical approach. Routledge.

Advance Financial Accounting Segment Reporting

Question: Discuss about the Advance Financial Accounting for Segment Reporting. Answer: Advantages of the management approach The use of management approach in segment reporting is done for increasing the effectiveness of financial reporting. The new accounting standards under AASB 8 has adopted and implemented the use of management approach for analysing the operational functions of an organisation from the perspective of management. The management approach enables the investors and analysts to analyse to view the financial statements through the eyes of management (Bugeja, Czernkowski and Moran, 2015). Thus, it assists them in estimating the management strategies and actions and gains an insight into the operational risks that can occur in the firm in future context. The senior management can take proactive steps in advance for overcoming the risks identified through the application of management approach. The management approach also significantly reduces the costs required in preparation of financial reports as it eliminates the need for preparation of different financial disclosures for internal and ex ternal use. The financial report developed internally by the management can be used for external reporting as well under the management approach. The financial performance of each operational area can be continually assessed in a timely manner through the use of management approach. This is because management approach assists in obtaining timely segment information for external reporting by eliminating the need for different financial reports for external and internal use. It requires the business firms to report the financial performance of each business segment and thus facilitates decision-makers to analyse the operational performance of all business areas. Thus, management approach proves to be highly beneficial for the management in taking crucial decisions regarding the improvement in its operational effectiveness (Camfferman and Zeff, 2015). The implementation of management approach under accounting standards of AASB 8 requires business corporations to organise the segments properly for analysing the operational performance relatively easily. It provides greater flexibility to management for reporting the firm performance by overcoming the restrictions under old accounting standards of AASB 114 to present the financial performance in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) (Dagwell et al., 2011). The continual assessment of performance of each operational area will further help the management in taking decisions regarding the resources allocated to each operational area and make strategic decisions for improving the performance of each business segment. The management can also easily identify the operational expenditure of each business segment that helps in developing an action plan for reducing the operational cost and significantly enhance the revenue generation. The adoption of management appr oach requires business firms to depict large amount of segment information in the financial reports and thus maximising the operational effectiveness. For example, Hiddleston Ltd has implemented the use of management approach for monitoring the performance of its each operational segment. The company is involved in manufacturing of electrical equipment and develops its interim financial reports that are presented to its outside stakeholders enabling them to assess its sales and turnover. This is done by the company to report the performance of its each operational area to management and customers and thus improve transparency in its operational segments (Hollie and Yu, 2015). Disadvantages of Management Approach The implementation of management approach under new accounting standards of AASB 8 also has certain drawbacks associated with it. This includes reporting of market-sensitive information to external stakeholders of a business entity as interim reports are presented for external reporting as well. The outside parties are able to view the business through the management perspective as operating segment information is presented externally in the same way as it is used by the internal management (Kang and Gray, 2013). This can sometimes become a potential threat for the business entities if the information is used by the competitors. It also results in reducing the comparability of the financial reports with industry peers not reporting segment information as per the management approach guidelines. The lack of comparability between the financial information of similar business entities does not prove useful for the investors. The investors will not be able to select the business entity pr operly with the lack of comparability analysing between similar business groups. The management approach can be adopted by the business entities that are traded in public and as such the private entities operating within the industry cant adopt the use of management approach for segment reporting (Nichols, Street and Tarca, 2013). This implements a possible drawback of non-comparing the group performance within the similar industry due to irregularity in the methods used for developing financial reports., The management approach requires significant reporting of the performance of each operational area and therefore may increase the complexity of financial statements. The non-applicability of GAAP principles in reporting performance of operational segments will require the management to provide a reconciliation of the report developed with financial statement line items. The preparation of such a reconciled report may offset the cost saved by the management in eliminating the need for developing external reports through the use of management approach. It also requires companies to manage the expectations of the stakeholders through providing them all the internal information (Bugeja, Czernkowski and Moran, 2015). It makes imperative for the companies to publish the internal information prepared by the manageme nt which may at times is very sensitive and as such cant be disclosed to the outside stakeholders. Thus, the business companies adopting the use of management approach for segment reporting should adequately assess the potential impact of disclosing internal information on their long-term growth and development in advance. In addition to this, management approach requires certain operating segments to be aggregated that have relatively similar economic characteristics. This is one of the major challenges before the management as it requires significant critical analysis for demonstrating the segment that have similar economic characteristics and is thus time-consuming. For example, a business entity publishing the information through the use of management approach in segment reporting may not be able to attract attention of investors due to lack of comparability analysis with other groups in the same industry (AASB 8 Divide and Conquer, 2008). References AASB 8 Divide and Conquer. 2008. [Online]. Available at: https://kpmg.com.au/portals/0/08fr-57.pdf [Accessed on: 8 October 2016]. Bugeja, M., Czernkowski, R. and Moran, D. 2015. The Impact of the Management Approach on Segment Reporting. Journal of Business Finance Accounting 42(3) (4), pp. 310366. Camfferman, K. and Zeff, S.A. 2015. Aiming for Global Accounting Standards: The International Accounting Standards Board, 2001-2011. OUP Oxford. Dagwell, R. et al. 2011. Corporate Accounting in Australia. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hollie, D. and Yu, S. 2015. A Perspective On Segment Reporting Choices And Segment Reconciliations. Applied Finance and Accounting 1(2), pp. 88-95. Kang, H. and Gray, S.J. 2013. Segment Reporting Practices in Australia: Has IFRS 8 Made a Difference? Australian Accounting Review 23(3). Nichols, N.B., Street, D.L. and Tarca, A. 2013. The Impact of Segment Reporting Under the IFRS 8 and SFAS 131 Management Approach: A Research Review. Journal of International Financial Management Accounting 24(3).

Battle of the Dictionaries

Battle of the Dictionaries Battle of the Dictionaries Battle of the Dictionaries By Maeve Maddox In commenting on the article Forte or Fortà «, Cache or Cachet?, Geoff Foster points out that the Oxford American Dictionary on his Mac supports the /fortay/ pronunciation of forte (in the sense of strong point). He also implies that the same dictionary gives a pronunciation for another French borrowing, cadre, that ignores the /r/ sound. NOTE: Im a bit puzzled about this one. The dictionary on my new Mac laptop gives the pronunciation /kad ree/ for cadre. Pierre B. asks why Americans want to put a /t/ in the French borrowing niche. Alas, when it comes to pronunciation, English speakers face constant decisions. For those who wish to support their decisions with the authority of a dictionary, the first decision to be made is that of which dictionary to cite! As Geoff points out, the Oxford American on the Mac gives the /fortay/ pronunciation as the first choice for forte with the sense of strong point. Its first pronunciation for cadre in his dictionary drops the /r/ sound. The Webster Unabridged, on the other hand, gives /fort/ as the first choice for this use of forte, and offers a pronunciation with the /r/ sound in its first choice for cadre. An alternate pronunciation for cadre, without the /r/ sound, is flagged as chiefly British. Both dictionaries show a short i pronunciation and a /ch/ sound for the che in niche. The /ch/ phonogram (ch as in church) sounds as if it has a /t/ in it. Webster gives a second pronunciation of /nish/ which avoids the /t/ sound, but still gives the word a short i sound for the vowel. As Geoff advises in his comment, take your pick. My pick for forte is /fort/. My pick for niche is /neesh/. As for cadre, I might use the word in writing, but I cant imagine having occasion to use it in conversation. In such an event Id probably include an /r/ sound. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect Objects50 Idioms About Meat and Dairy Products20 Movies Based on Shakespeare Plays

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Absorption Spectroscopy Essay Essays

Absorption Spectroscopy Essay Essays Absorption Spectroscopy Essay Essay Absorption Spectroscopy Essay Essay Absorption Spectroscopy Author: Lab Partners: Instructor: Chem 152 Date Work Performed: Date Work Submitted: Abstract A Beer’s Law analysis was used to determine the molar absorptivity of a Red-40 food dye. Using a spectrometer, the best wavelength to use for the analysis of this dye was determined to be 501nm. A series of dilutions were performed and the concentrations were calculated to find ‘E,’ the molar absorptivity, which was determined to be 18035 M-1 cm-1. Introduction The experimental behavior of the absorption spectroscopy lab is to be able to determine the molar absorptivity of a food dye; in this case, Red-40. The determination of the best wavelength to use is found by measuring the highest peak that had an absorbance between 1 and 1. 5. The dye concentration will be accomplished by preparing a series of serial dilutions and measuring the absorbance at the best wavelength previously determined to conduct a Beer’s Law analysis. Absorption spectroscopy is often used to calculate the amount of compound present in a solution sample by measuring the amount of light each wavelength it absorbs. Since the amount of light absorbed is directly proportional to the number of molecules in a solution, spectroscopy allows for the determination of a dye concentration and thus the molar absorptivity in the Red-40 dye. Beer’s Law is given by A=Ebc, where ‘A’ is the measured absorbance, ‘c’ is the concentration of the absorbing species, ‘b’ is the width of the cuvette, and ‘E’ is the molar absorptivity constant. This equation describes the linear relationship between the absorbance and the concentration, making it possible to calculate ‘E’ by graphing the absorbance versus concentration and finding the slope of the linear line. That being said, it is expected that the absorbance of the dye will decrease as the concentration decreases. Results Red-40 dilutions Solutions (dye-water)| Wavelength (nm)| Volume (ml)| Absorbance| Concentration (M)| Beginning dilution| 501| 105| 1. 46| 7. 59X10-5| 1st dilution 5ml-5ml| 501| 10| . 679| 3. 79X10-5| nd dilution 5ml-2ml| 501| 8| . 529| 2. 84X10-5| 3rd dilution 5ml-2ml| 501| 7| . 330| 2. 03X10-5| 4th dilution 5ml-2ml| 501| 7| . 271| 1. 45X10-5| Molar Absorptivity of Red-40 dye: 18035 M-1 cm-1 As the table above shows, the absorbance is directly related to the concentration. It decreases as the concentration decrease. Calculations Concentration of known stock dye: Red-40= 3. 989X10-3M Serial dilutions: 1st dilution: C1V1=C2V2 C2=C1V1/V2=3. 98 9X10-3M (2mL)/ 105mL=7. 59X10-5M 2nd dilution: C3=C2V2/V3=7. 59X10-5M (2mL)/ 10mL= 3. 9X10-5 M 3rd dilution: C4=C3V3/V4= 3. 79X10-5M (6mL)/ 8mL= 2. 84X10-5 M 4th dilution: C5=C4V4/V5=2. 84X10-5M (5mL)/ 7mL= 2. 03X10-5 M 5th dilution: C6=C5V5/V6=2. 03X10-5M (5mL)/ 7mL= 1. 45X10-5M Since E, the molar absorptivity of the dye, is related to the slope of the line in the chart above, E=18035 M-1 cm-1. Discussion I believe the molar absorptivity of the Red-40 food dye is 18035 M-1 cm-1. This number is found by graphing the measured absorbance versus the calculated concentration of the diluted dyes and then finding the slope. According to Beer’s Law equation, ‘E’ is the linear relationship between the concentration and absorbance. So by calculating the slope of the data line, it gives a reliable number as to what the absorptivity of the Red-40 dye is. With that being said, I am rather confident with my answer for the most part. There are a few things that could have affected the accuracy of the molar absorptivity we calculated, which is the various volumes of solution used. Had we used the same volume every time as well as a gradual decrease in the amount of water used in the dilutions, the results could be more reliable. However, using absorption spectroscopy to monitor the concentration of a reactant in a reaction is very viable. The spectrometer gives an accurate and reliable measurement of the absorbance. All you had to do was to find the measurement at the highest peak. It could have also provided inaccurate readings if the spectrometer was not calibrated corrected with the cuvette of water. Otherwise it is a reliable method to use to find absorbance, calculate concentration, and then the molar absorptivity.

Albinism Essays (1256 words) - Skin Pigmentation, Albinism, Melanin

Albinism Essays (1256 words) - Skin Pigmentation, Albinism, Melanin Albinism INTRODUCTION For my research project I have chosen the genetic disease albinism. There are a few reasons why I chose albinism as my topic. First and foremost, in kindergarten I had a friend who was an albino, and although I have not seen him in over 10 years I am still curious as to what the causes of albinism are. Back then, my mother explained it to me by saying, thats just the way his skin is which is a fine way to explain it to a five year old, but now I find myself wanting to know more. Another reason I am curious about albinism actually extends from my first reason. I often wondered if there was any chance that my kids could possibly be born with it. I know now that it sounds a little bit ridiculous but I would sometimes worry that I wouldnt be able to take my children to the beach (I knew this because my friend from kindergarten could never come with us when we went in the summer). I also used to wonder whether or not my friend could see the same way I could, since his eyes looked so different from mine. As a result of all of this, I could not turn down the opportunity to research a disease that has held my curiosity for such a long time. PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS The most prominent phenotypic characteristic of albinism is obviously the lack of skin coloring. Albino skin is whitish in appearance, sometimes seeming to be almost translucent. Similarly, albino hair is also very pale, appearing closer to white than blonde. Albinism makes the skin extremely sensitive to sunlight. Albinos need to be very careful about exposure to the sun as they have a very high risk of burning due to lack of protection from ultraviolet rays, which is normally provided by the pigment melanin (2). Similar to the skin, albino eyes also lack color; the irises usually appear pinkish. People with albinism often have eye problems. First of all, they suffer from severe sensitivity to bright lights. Cases of extreme nearsightedness or farsightedness that cannot be completely corrected with eyeglasses are also common. People with albinism also sometimes demonstrate an involuntary back and forth movement of the eyes called nystagmus. Finally, people with albinism are more likely to develop astigmatism. It is possible to have albinism that affects the eyes without also affecting the skin. This is known as ocular albinism (3). INHERITANCE Albinism is an autosomal recessive disorder. All the children of two affected homozygous affected parents are also affected. This means that two parents who have albinism, and who possess two recessive alleles each for albinism will produce affected children 100% of the time. Being a relatively rare disorder, albinos are often the children of unaffected parents (this is the case with autosomal recessive disorders). Parents who are both heterozygotes (both carriers of the disease but not having it themselves) have a 75% chance of producing a normal, non-affected child. Because albinism is not carried on the sex chromosomes, it is expressed equally in both males and females, and either parent can transmit the disorder. Albinism also affects people of all races equally. Approximately 1 in 17,000 people has one of the types of albinism, which amounts to roughly 18,000 people in the United States (1). GENETIC AND CELLULAR ORIGINS Albinism is located on chromosome 11q 14-21. The gene associated with albinism is called OCA1 (among a few others). OCA1 codes for the protein tyrosinase. This protein is responsible for converting tyrosine into something called DOPA (dihydroxyphenylalanine). DOPA plays an important part in the formation of melanin by next becoming dopaquinone. Dopaquinone then forms black-brown eumelanin or red-yellow pheomelanin. Melanin is a pigment, the absence of which causes albinism (2). Albinism occurs when something causes the OCA1 gene to function improperly. This improper function disrupts the production of tyrosinase. With tyrosinase production malfunctioning, it is impossible for the body to make DOPA and as a result the body is also prevented from making melanin. The absence of melanin causes the lack of color in the skin of people who are affected with albinism (2). MOLECULAR ORIGINS The cDNA sequence for the OCA1 gene is 1607 bases long; 325 Adenine,

Business Administration Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Administration - Personal Statement Example The emphasis on the religious and cultural upbringing of a child in my culture is considered as more important than any other aspect of life and as such I believe I was raised as a child who is going to contribute positively towards making others’ lives easier and fulfilling. I passed my Bachelors in Health Administration in 2009 from California State University, Sacramento with an overall GPA of 3.5/4 with degree honor of Cum Laude. Apart from that I also passed Associates of Science and Medical Assistant Certification. This indicates my overall zeal and commitment to continuously upgrade my level of education standards and achieve better education to improve my chances of getting ahead in my career at relatively swift pace. What this also indicates is the fact that my educational credentials are good enough to give me confidence to pursue a higher degree and improve my chances to obtain better career position in the future and this degree will serve as a foundation for me to set foot on a career that is not only self fulfilling and lucrative but also allow individuals to serve the humanity in appropriate manner and remain in touch with the life. I am currently working at Mercy San Juan Medical Center as Patient Registration Rep and my core duties include ensuring that complete and timely information on Insurance is achieved and collecting demographics and financial information about the patients. My current job is therefore relatively administrative in nature as I am supposed to take care of the most critical aspects of hospital management that is maintaining of financial records of the patients and ensure that the timely and accurate information is collected for serving our patients in more appropriate manner. My earlier experience includes working as ER Assistant at Woodland Memorial Hospital, Communications Operator at Mercy General Hospital, Â ­Medical Assistant

Reader Response Criticism of Let America be America Again and Harlem(A Essay

Reader Response Criticism of Let America be America Again and Harlem(A dream deferred) by Langston Hughes - Essay Example When he mentions â€Å"America never was America to me† (p.189,Line 5) what he means that African Americans are also part of the freedom struggle of America and their contribution is not less than the white race, and yet freedom does not free them in the real sense. They face discrimination at every turn of their existence and their actions are being judged. The second battle is tougher than the earlier one, because it is the attack on their sentimental world and essential dignity of their efforts to live with honor. No writer or poet can sweep under the carpet one’s real life experiences and they are bound to find reflection in the writings. Similar is the case with Hughes, and he candidly admits it. He experiences the trauma of segregation and the type of inhuman treatments being meted out to the blacks. He lives to see the changes that engulf the American social and cultural scenario as slavery is banned; all types of racial acts and slurs are legally forbidden and a ll citizens are equal on all counts. But legal protection is just one part of the story. Hughes makes a fervent appeal for total freedom in the real sense of the term. He writes â€Å"But opportunity is real, and life is free, Equality is in the air we breathe†. ... One feels secured under such conditions and has something to look forward to in life. How does this poem make you feel about America? Langston Hughes (Born: 1-2-1902: Died: 22-5-1967) would have been happy to observe things taking shape for the better with each passing day, for the African American race. Recollection of the bitter past becomes tolerable when the present states of affairs are sound. This poem sets me thinking, how fortunate I am to have been born and live in the present period. My heart goes out to the ancestors of the African Americans who suffer untold miseries, physical punishments and mental torture, denial of education and they are compelled to confront all the negativities that one can think of. The present African American generation must be proud of what they are able to accomplish and progress they are making in all walks of life. In short, this poem is like a powerful current that creates great vibrations in my heart. It is inspiring and evocative. My story of struggle in America My story of struggle to establish in America is somewhat similar, if not as grim as that of the race to which Langston Hughes belongs. My parents immigrate to America from India in the 1980s to settle in New York City. I am the first generation Indian American of my family to be born and to take college education in New Jersey. My parents have the problem of getting used to the American accent and language and assimilation with the co-workers is a tough asking and honorable survival is not all that easy. They learn the English language literally from the scratch. Being exposed to the popular culture of America, I grow up as an

Quality in Health Care Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Quality in Health Care Administration - Essay Example Performance can denote, for example, the aptitude to fulfill the customer's needs rapidly with no errors. This research focused on this truth that the add to in demand for MRI services opens a casement of chance for putting up a provider-based release of such repair which will serve as an extra source of income for our recognized orthopedic surgical procedure do (Glasper, E. A., & Pogson, D, 2000). The fulfillment of such tactics equates to addressing the population's wants with the assurance of having a extremely spirited and ground-breaking technology that is the moveable Magnetic Resonance Imaging machine. If we analyzed then we come to know that a dream of a healthy inhabitants who is repeatedly provisioned with the uppermost quality medical services that are sensibly priced. As the manager, it lies in your hands to approach up with a possible plan for the commerce. Several challenges contain been recognized which are to be afterward on discussed (Freytag, P. V., & Hollensen, S, 2001). Due to such, it becomes a main task at hand to give good reason for and go additional than these challenges to see how this commerce will create it and flourish finally. Pushing through by means of this project and following greatly lies in the dream that you have by means of regards to this chance. And such vision would be to give the highest quality checkup services that other providers cannot struggle through. According to the expert analysis the most effectual leaders are the ones who are clever to cascade their dream down to their subordinates. Moreover, lacking such influence, the dream could turn skewed in the prospect. It is of utmost significance that the manager be able to make all the people concerned realize the meaning of the chance at hand. From there, he be supposed to be able to assemble them towards achieving the dream through suitable actions. People, policies, communication and harmonization are the structures that determination creates up this association. Management It is management's accountability to handle all managerial concerns of this association. As such, the formulation of all policies and rule with regards to the operations of this novel commerce is their anxiety. Management puts the dream into put and takes charge of carry out it. Management, therefore, makes the most impact on how this chance will development. Staff This research focused on this truth that as a supplier of healthcare services, the commerce as a whole very much relies on the skills of its employees. The staff has to therefore appreciate their position in the understanding of the dream. The failure to present the uppermost quality services as envisioned would guide to the termination of this industry. Policies and Guidelines Appropriate policies and guidelines are supposed to be put into put to make sure that events for only the uppermost quality are in put. These are to be severely followed. This anchors on the power of the commerce as contribution only the most excellent of the greatest Communication and Coordination Effective communication can be achieved through open surroundings. An environment that promotes optimistic and encouraging message and coordination will stay the association physically powerful (Faulkner, M, 2001). Such will

GAP Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

GAP Business Plan - Essay Example SMA_RT operates one step beyond security products designed to prevent access to intruders. Once the security is breached, an intruder can cause significant damage and huge financial loss in a very short period of time. The SMA_RT solution is to thwart the intruder before he has the opportunity to create havoc. Mainframe computers are no longer stand-alone entities. They are now connected to large networks that span the globe. Information technology (IT) security personnel must now concern themselves with enterprise-wide security throughout their entire network. Type80 Syslog is designed to centralize security event monitoring, bridging the gap between network and mainframe security products. With SMA_RT and Syslog, Type80 is dedicated in providing the highest quality IT security possible on the market. In order to ensure the competitive advantage in our market, we applied for patents for both products. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office has completed 2 years of research and accepted all 28 elements of the application. The total fees for the application have been paid and the patent is expected to be issued within the next 30-45 days, making Type80 the sole legal software provider of mainframe Security Monitoring and Alerting in Real-Time (SMA_RT). GAP Funding In its effort of ensuring competitiveness, Type80 continues its thrust to innovate by adding new features to its current offerings and developing entirely new products which will further broaden its ability to monitor, identify, and report an intrusion that virtually touches any resource within the mainframe. In the implementation of Type 80's immediate growth plan, the company expects to incur an estimated $500,000 in total costs. This GAP funding will utilized in the development of a Screen Image Capture Feature (SICF) of the SMA_RT product. This feature will allow forensics investigators and law enforcement agencies to immediately view and capture illegal activities real-time. The data collected by the SCIF can be presented and used as evidence for legal prosecution. The development of SICF gateways is in response to the lack of commercial software with is used for legal purposes. Because of this, SICF also places Type80 an estimated five years ahead if its