Religious Education Human Existence

Question: Discuss about the Religious Education for Human Existence. Answer: Religious education is fundamental for those who are affiliated with various religions or faiths. Other than informing one's faith, religious education also plays a significant role in providing spiritual nourishment. Thus, it is inarguable that Catholic teaching has in the previous decades made noteworthy positive changes. Nonetheless, the journey has not been without obstacles. The challenges have been as a result of numerous challenges, among them, the effects of globalization and the complexity that emanates from the plurality of the modern society. For this and other reasons, the Catholic schools, religious teaching, and learning are at a crossroad. The scope of this paper, therefore, is to provide a reflection on the Catholic Schools at a Crossroad, an NSW which is a bishops' document on religious education. The reflection will be based on the document's perspectives on the following issues; evangelization, new evangelization, religious education and catechesis; the relationshi p between faith and reason in religious education as well as the role of families and communities in religious education. Evangelization has been conceptualized as the means by which the good news of salvation is brought into every aspect of human existence. It is also linked to the way by which individuals and the societies are converted through the power of the gospel. The bishops point out that although the role of evangelization is a mission of the entire Catholic Church, greater of hope of evangelization has been entrusted in the Catholic believers who have been educated in the Catholic schools. In essence, evangelization calls Christians to go beyond the boundaries of their faith community to enhance the mission of evangelization which is to challenge, transform and convert (Catholic Schools at Crossroads, 2007: Kenyon, 2010). The Catholic schools have thus been placed at the center of this evangelization. In respect to the new evangelization, the Catholic bishops view that it is a calling for all the believers to deepen their faith for the purpose of perpetuating the gospel. Therefore, the new evangelization requires that all the Catholics receive evangelization after which they should go ahead and evangelize to the others. Catechesis, on the other hand, is different from the two in that it is perceived as the act of deepening the very faith that has been received. For this reason, it is essentially the ultimate goal of the Catholic schools to promote catechesis in the Catholic-based learning institutions (O'shea, 2014). According to the bishops letter Catholic Schools at Cross Roads, there has been considerable growth in Catholic based schools and so does the number of the students enrolled in these schools. Consequently, the demand for Catholic education has been on the rise. However, despite the rise in this demand, the teaching of religious education in the Catholic schools has been faced with various challenges. One of the challenges has been the enrolment trend. It has been noted within this era of growth, the majority of the students enrolled in Catholic schools are non-Catholics. Moreover, the majority of the Catholic families enrol their children in the State schools while others enrol in the non-catholic independent schools. Another challenge has been the shifting trends of the faithful commitment. That is, there are fewer people attending masses within the Catholic communities as well as the declining number of priests and other religious leaders (Catholic Schools at Cross Roads, 2007). To overcome these challenges, there is a need to reform the religious education pedagogy such that it will facilitate differentiated learning, be based on the gospel as well as enhance critical thinking and religious literacy. Additionally, the religious education pedagogy should be authentic and relayed through enthusiasm and energy and should promote not only knowledge but also the understanding (Watson, Maher, O'Shea Waters, 2014). Besides, the need to reform the curriculum may also help a great deal in enhancing religious education in the Catholic schools. Thus, for the sake of enhancing mutual enrichment, the curriculum must seek to integrate catechesis. The integration, however, must put into consideration the felt needs of both Christian and non-Christian students as this will promote religious freedom. For the latter, religious education is equated to missionary proclamation (O'shea, 2014). The family and the community play equally significant roles when it comes to religious teaching (Watson, Maher, O'Shea Waters, 2014: O'Shea, 2014). A similar argument has also been documented in the bishops' document, Catholic Schools at Cross Roads. In a family institution, parents are perceived as the primary educators of their children. In other words, the family is the first school that instils the socially accepted virtues in children. A Christian family enriched with the sacrament of matrimony and grace ensure that children learn about faith in early years, through the family teaching, children are taught about good companionship with the fellow men and those that they share faith with (Rossiter, 2013). The community works in collaboration with the family to impact religious teachings in children. In the context of religious teaching, it is also important to consider how reason and faith relate. While some people argue that Faith and reason are sometimes in conflict others, ma intain that the two are inseparable. Through reason and faith, people have come to understand various worldviews about religious education (Sztanyo, 2010). The conflict between reason and faith emanates from the heightened levels of secularization, family dysfunction, consumerism and values disorientation (Ryan, 2013). In conclusion, it is evident from the bishops' letter and other supporting literature that Catholic schools have contributed a significant role in every aspect of human life. Evangelization, new evangelization, and catechesis have assumed a new phase. Despite the various challenges facing religious education in Catholic schools the church has achieved recommendable milestones. In addition, family and the community have worked collaboratively with the church and the learning institutions to enhance and initiate positive changes within the scope of religious education. As a result, the significant steps that have been adopted to maintain and even make religious education more beneficial particularly in the Catholic schools cannot be taken for granted. For this reason, the Catholic schools have been able to establish a new identity. References Catholic Schools at Cross Roads. (2007). Pastoral Letter of the Bishops of NSW and the ACT. Published by the Bishops of NSW and the ACT with assistance from the Catholic Education Office, Sydney. Kenyon, D. G. (2010). What Constitutes Success in religious classroom education? A study of secondary religion teachers' understanding of nature and the purposes of religious education in Catholic schools. Australian Catholic University Research Services. O'Shea, G. (2014). Review of Religious Education for the Catholic Education Office Diocese of Parramatta Literature Review. The University of Notre Dame, Australia. Rossiter, G. (2013). Perspective on the use of construct "Catholic Identity" for Australian Catholic schooling: Sociological background and literature Part 1. Journal of Religious Education,61 (2) Ryan, M. (2013). A common search: The history and forms of religious education in Catholic schools (Rev. ed.). Brisbane: Lumino Press. Sztanyo, D. (2010). Faith and Reason. Apologetics Press, Inc. The Editorial. Teaching And Learning In Religious Education. (2010). Journal of Religious Education, 58(2): 79-81. Watson, K., Maher, M., O'Shea, G., Waters, E. (2014). Review of Religious Education for The Catholic Education Office Diocese of Parramatta. Research Findings and Recommendations. The University of Notre Dame, Australia.

Analysis of the Article

Question : What is the Economics Analysis of a Project? Answer : Introduction Japans economic performance has been fluctuating over the past few years. The last three years have seen the Bank of Japan (BOJ) ramp up stimulus programs with the aim of ending the recurring deflation, increasing investments, enhancing consumer spending and increasing the wage rates in the country. However, the misguidance of investors by government data have been a major barrier to efforts meant to boost the economy (Fujioka 2016). In addition, the fluctuating figures of economic performance underscore the uneven progress made in enhancing economic growth in the country. Regardless of the set banks, the government and the Bank of Japan has been working towards the eradication of the weaknesses in the economy. Initially, the BOJ adopted a negative interest rate strategy to encourage banks to lend more. This plan was expected to cause the inflation expectations in Japan to fall while the yen strengthened against other currencies. Recently, economists raised their concerns to the possibility that the country may fall into another recession within the next year. By and large, this recession is expected to the highest since the 2012 recession. (Fujioka 2016) As a result, businesses in Japan are worried that the economic situation in the country is headed towards the wrong direction (Ping Chan 2015). Sales and revenue forecasts by major companies are decreasing. Therefore, after three of years of Abenomics and record monetary stimulus from the Bank of Japan, the nations economy is still experiencing a roller-coaster cycle (Fujioka 2016). For this reason, this paper discusses the various moves undertaken the BOJ and the effects of Abenomics and fiscal and monetary policies in Japans economy. In addition, the article will highlight the various policies and techniques that have been undertaken by the Japanese government to improve economic conditions in the country. Reduced Growth The growth of Japans gross domestic product for the last three-quarters creates no sense of optimism for economic prosperity. Data shows that the annualized 2.2 percent growth in the GDP for the July-September period which is attributed to a 2 percent rise in exports. However, other components of the GDP such as consumer spending and investments did not improve (GDP Data 2016 It is noteworthy that GDP growth in the last financial period improved as compared to the April-June period by approximately 0.7 percent (Japans Economy 2015). This figure indicates a faster gain than the average predictions made by the private sector Unemployment. Unemployment remains a major problem in Japan. However, the level of unemployment has gone down by 3 percent. On a country-wide average, the number of job offers is 1.38 times greater than the number of job seekers. In the past years, the per-household wages were outpaced by price wages. However, these wages have been rising on a net basis as the workforce shortages increase and prices fall. Unfortunately, the consumer spending is still small and does not show signs of recovery. Therefore, the gains are not strong enough to stimulate a recovery in private consumption. The outcome of the weak consumer spending is that it causes a dip in the consumer prices into a negative territory Low Household Spending This year, personal consumption rose by only 0.1 percent from the previous period. In September, the per-household spending declined by 2.1 percent (Stiqlitz 2013). On the other hand, capital investment increased by only 0.03 percent. Likewise, domestic demand rose by a mere 0.1 percent with a 0.6 percent fall in imports (Stiqlitz 2013). By and large, household spending is a major indicator of private consumption. Economic Contractions The economy is expected to have a series of contractions and expansions in the coming financial periods (Fujioka 2016). Although data shows that Japans GDP rose by one percent in the third quarter, economists expect the economy to exhibit a decline in the fourth quarter GDP. Even so, others believe that the yen may appreciate in value to 90 per dollar within a half year of Donald Trumps election. As such, Trump's ideas of America first is expected to weaken the dollar. Mainly, the president-elect of the US campaigned on a policy platform with protectionism at its core. It entailed threats to disengage trade agreements and impose tariffs in the Asian countries Causes of the Problems The country has been experiencing reduced growth in GDP due to reduced external demand and diminishing productivity within the nation. As such, external demand is marred with uncertainties due to slowdowns in emerging economies. Also, the unpredictability of the US economic policies and trade under the incoming president Donald Trump may increase the uncertainties. Donald Trumps victory has increased the uncertainty over the prospects for the global economy, and this affects the economic conditions in the country. In addition, the Japanese consumers remain reluctant to spend (Household Spending 2016) due to great concerns over the effectiveness of the social security system in Japan. There is also the tendency of the younger generation to save for the thereby causing the consumer spending in the country to stagnate. Moreover, the big wage gaps between full-time workers and the growing ranks of part-time employees can be used to explain the stagnation of consumer spending. Impacts on the Society and Economy The fluctuations in the level of GDP growth in the country has led to uncertainties in the level of economic growth that the country will experience. In addition, it makes economic planning difficult. Mainly, this is because it is impossible to plan when the economic conditions and expected GDP keeps fluctuating. Additionally, a decline in the level of GDP in a country is associated negative effects on the consumer, business and investors behavior. It may also lead to a shrinking in the level of interest rates in the country. What is more, it is associated with an increase in the level of unemployment within the country. High level of unemployment negatively affects economic growth and development of the Japanese economy. As such, it has resulted in less overall spending. High level of unemployment implies that people have less money to spend and therefore the economy suffers consumer demand. Low demand causes companies to suffer from loss of business and may eventually cut down production by laying off some employees (Wage Hikes 2016). This, in turn, leads to increased unemployment and the level of spending drops even more. Thus, unemployment may create a cyclical problem in the Japanese economy. Policies Implemented by the Government Abenomics In early 2013, after a continuous period of stagnation in Japan, a comprehensive economic policy package was launched. The Prime Minister Shinzo Abe proposed this package with the intention of sustainably reviving the Japanese economy while at the same time maintaining fiscal discipline in the country. By and large, Abenomics seeks to correct the two decades of economic inefficiency by increasing government expenditure, increasing the countrys money supply, and creating reforms that make the Japanese economy more competitive. Through this policies, therefore, the hope is that the nation will recover from the lack of growth and deflation. Primarily, Abes program is founded on three key policy arrows whose objective relates to sustainable fiscal policy, aggressive monetary policy, and a growth strategy. Therefore, Abenomics integrates fiscal expansion, structural reform, and monetary policy. Its central goal is to increase the internal demand and GDP while raising the rate of inflation by 2 percent (GDP Data 2016). Predominantly, all these efforts are aimed at improving the countrys prospects by enhancing competition, cementing existing trade partnerships and reforming labor markets. The first arrow in Abes approach entails the printing of additional currency by the central bank. The monetary stimulus intended to make Japanese exports more affordable and attractive and create modest inflation within the country. From the diagram above, an increase in money supply in the economy stimulates an increase in the level of GDP in the country. It also causes an increase in the level of aggregate demand which increases from AD1 to AD2. In turn, this increases the price levels in the economy from P1 to P2. Essentially, the increase in prices denotes the level of induced inflation in Japan. For this reason, Abenomics manages to increase the level of GDP growth in the Japanese economy while inducing a favorable rate of inflation. Besides, BOJ injected liquidity into the economy, pushing interest rates into the negative territory with the intention of boosting investment and lending in the country (Japan 2014). Increasing the money supply causes the LM curve to shift to LM1. In turn, this increases the level of GDP in the economy. What is more, it reduces the level of interest rate, thereby encouraging lending and borrowing within the economy. With time, this leads to economic growth. Effects of Abenomics Fiscal Policy The second arrow involves an increase in the government spending program. Mainly, this fiscal strategy is aimed at stimulating demand in the country thereby enhancing growth. It focuses on building critical infrastructure projects such as earthquake resistant roads, tunnels, and bridges within Japan. In addition, the government is intended to spend more on the upgrade to the missile defense systems. The governments fiscal 2017 budget policy emphasizes on the role of fiscal spending to boost economic performance in the country. For this reason, the budget is expected to increase to 97 trillion yen in the following year (Stiqlitz 2013). Increasing government expenditure causes the IS curve to shift from its original position to IS1. Likewise, the equilibrium shifts From E to E1 where the IS curve intersects the LM curve. The policy also leads to an increase in nation income from OY1 to OY2. The rise in national income leads to an increase in the demand for money. Given a fixed supply of money in the economy, the demand raises the interest rates to OR1. The last arrow focuses on enacting reforms through a series of regulations to make businesses and industries in Japan more competitive. The proposed legislation aims at restructuring the utility and pharmaceutical sectors. The reforms include lessening the rules to allow firms to fire ineffective employees, something that was initially difficult from the legal perspective. Furthermore, the strategy will work towards the modernization of agriculture in the country to increase general productivity in the country (Stiqlitz 2013). The Progress and Success of Abenomics As at 2014, many people believed that Abenomics is associated with a lot stimulus and less regulation. It is a strategy that has increased inflation in the country more than economic growth (Jain, 2014). As such, the proposed stimulus measures are viewed as having little or no effect on boosting confidence or growth in the Japanese economy. The only desired effect that the fiscal and monetary stimulus had achieved at the time was increasing the inflation rate in the country. The inflation was helpful to the economy, as the Japanese economy had experienced decades of inflation prior to that. Exports remained sluggish than expected and wage increase was trolling behind the pace of inflation. However, since 2014, some progress have been achieved by the Abenomics approach. It is worth noting that the real GDP increased significantly during the period. In the fiscal years between 2012 and 2015, the country experienced an increase in real GDP from 520 trillion yen to 529 trillion yen (Hamada 2016). As a result, the nation experienced substantial growth due to the implementation of the Abenomics in Japan. Additionally, the annual corporate ordinary profits increased by a substantial amount in the same period. Specifically, these profits increased by approximately 20 trillion yen (Hamada 2016). The period also experienced a decline in the level of unemployment. As such, the rate of unemployment in Japan reduced by 0.9 percent between 2012 and 2015. What is more, the consumer price index improved from the negative 0.6 percent experienced in 2012 to approximately 1.0 percent in 2015 (Abenomics 2016). The Setbacks of Abenomics Although Abenomics strategy to increase the supply of money in the economy may have succeeded in depreciating the value of the yen against the dollar, it failed to achieve the desired effect in the economy. From the inception of Abenomics, the yen has consistently depreciated against US dollar. However, the exports remained sluggish. Initially, the expectation was that a cheaper currency would increase the level of exports from Japan. But, the main effect achieved was an increase in the price of Japans imported fuel bill. That is, the weaker yen worked to the disadvantage of Japan as the situation made imports more expensive as at 2014 (Ping Chan 2016). In the same year, the government imposed a 3 percent consumption tax hike. In 2014, the national consumption tax increased from 5 percent to 8 percent (McBride Xu 2016). The hike caused Japanese consumers to increase their private spending before the proposed act was enacted, thereby increasing the first quarter consumption. However, the second quarter experienced a massive decline in consumption demand. As a result, the decrease in consumption demand in the country led to a massive contraction in the GDP of Japan in the 2014 April-June quarter (DAmico 2016). What is more, the critiques of Abenomics argue that the policy approach has significant risks. While some believe that continued monetary easing could result in hyperinflation, others argue that the Abenomics approach will not be sufficient to reverse the high deflation rate in the nation. Furthermore, there is worry about the state of Japans national debt. McBride and Xu (2016) note that the current 11 trillion yen national debt has by far surpassed 254 percent of its current GDP. Besides, this has caught the attention of the International Monetary Fund which has repeatedly warned that the Japanese debt levels are unstainable. Furthermore, the implementation of negative interest rates by the BOJ and other major banks in the country is a relatively untested monetary policy tool. Therefore, this creates uncertainty as economists are unsure of the outcomes of the system (Pesek 2016). The BOJ decision was differential as there were worries that the policy could worsen the current economic conditions and damage the Japanese banking system. It is argued that negative rates may not improve the spending in the country but instead encourage hoarding of cash. Eventually, this may lead to increased deflationary conditions in the nation. In addition, there is a risk that the monetary and fiscal efforts could give the Japanese government an excuse to procrastinate structural reforms plans. According to the IMF, the lack of additional structural reforms in Japan may increase the risk of the nation falling back into a period of deflation and low economic growth (Extra Budgets 2016). What is more, it may spur a further deterioration in the fiscal conditions of the country and create an overreliance on monetary stimulus that may pose adverse effects for Japan. Conclusion The Japanese economy has been experiencing weak economic growth and deflation for decades. The economys performance has been fluctuating over the past few years since the introduction of the Abenomics economic stimulus. Abenomics aims at achieving continuous economic growth and reducing the levels of deflation in the country (Abenomics 2016). In addition, the approach intends on spurring higher wages for Japanese workers, increasing the level of consumer spending and investments in the country. The actions of the BOJ and the government have achieved progress since the inception of the program. The GDP has increased significantly through the period. In addition, the reported rate of unemployment has reduced. The consumer price index is also increasing over time. However, consumer spending remains low despite the governments and the BOJ efforts to improve it. It is, therefore, the role of the government to come up with strategies to improve the level of consumer spending and enhance sustained economic growth in Japan. In order to improve the economic conditions in the country and boost growth, the Abe administration should ensure that the U.S government maintains the initial agreement to free trade between the US and Japan. In addition, the government should press for a further increase in the wages of the Japanese employees. It should also see that the structural reforms in the country are implemented. This way, Japan will be able to achieve better economic conditions that may, in turn, boost growth. Reference List BBC News (2015). Japan's economy falls back into recession again. [Online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-34829408 [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. BBC News (2015). Japan's economy falls back into recession again. [Online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-30373560 [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. DAmico, J (2014). Krugman Warns Abe on Tax Increase [Online] The Wall Street Journal. Available at: https://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2014/09/19/krugman-warns-abe-on-tax-increase/ [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. Fujioka, T (2016). Japans economic roller coaster headed for another dip. [Online] Bloomberg News. Available at: www.bloomberg.com/news [Accessed 6 Feb. 2016]. Hamada, K (2016). The Secret Success of Abenomics [Online] Project Syndicate. Available at: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/secret-success-of-abenomics-by-koichi-hamada-2016-10 [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. Jain, S. (2014). Must-know: Is Abenomics a success or failure so far? [Online] Market Realist. Available at: https://marketrealist.com/2014/08/must-know-abenomics-success-failure-so-far/ [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. Jain, S. (2014). Overview: Shinzo Abes Abenomics? [Online] Market Realist. Available at: https://marketrealist.com/2014/08/overview-shinzo-abes-abenomics/ [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. McBride, J., and Xu, B (2016). Abenomics and the Japanese Economy [Online] Council on Foreign Relations. Available at: https://www.cfr.org/japan/abenomics-japanese-economy/p30383 [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. Pesek, W (2016). Abenomics has a serious millennial problem. [Online] The Japan Times. Available at: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/11/29/commentary/japan-commentary/abenomics-serious-millennials-problem/#.WEh1g32mTnA [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. Ping Chan, S (2014). Abenomics: will the sun rise in Japan again? [Online] The Telegraph. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11125540/Abenomics-will-the-sun-rise-on-Japan-again.html [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. Ping Chan, S (2014). Japanese government urged to delay sales tax rise [Online] The Telegraph. Available at https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11095994/Japanese-government-urged-to-delay-sales-tax-rise.html [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. Ping Chan, S (2015). OECD slashes global growth forecasts [Online] The Telegraph. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11648171/OECD-slashes-global-growth-forecasts.html [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. Stiglitz, J. (2016). Japan banks on the success of Abenomics. [Online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/apr/08/japan-shinzo-abe-yen-economics [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. The Government of Japan (2016). Abenomics. [Online] Available at: https://www.japan.go.jp/abenomics/index.html [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. The Japan Times. (2016). Extra budgets and fiscal discipline. [Online] Available at: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/12/02/editorials/extra-budgets-fiscal-discipline/#.WEh04H2mTnA [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. The Japan Times. (2016). Household spending continues to tumble. [Online] Available at: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/11/29/business/economy-business/household-spending-continues-tumble/#.WEh1TX2mTnA [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. The Japan Times. (2016). Mr. Yen says Japans currency could rise to 90 to the dollar by May on Trump win. [Online] Available at: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/11/10/business/financial-markets/mr-yen-says-trump-victory-wont-change-trend-currency-market/#.WEh1cX2mTnA [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. The Japan Times. (2016). Wage hikes vital to sustained growth. [Online] Available at: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/11/29/editorials/wage-hikes-vital-sustained-growth/#.WEh1hX2mTnA [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016]. The Japan Times. (2016). What the GDP data portends. [Online] Available at: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/11/16/editorials/gdp-data-portends/#.WEh1VH2mTnA [Accessed 8 Dec. 2016].

Diels Alder Lab Report Sample

Diels Alder Lab Report Paper Be sure to address any questions posed in the lab procedure as well as any additional questions that your TA wants you to answer. You should also analyze any NORM spectra that you have from the reaction (if applicable). Spectra of starting materials are available on the Vista site. This reaction was carried out using standard reflux conditions. Both the anthracite and malefic anhydride dissolved immediately in Selene to give a slightly yellow solution. As the reflux was conducted, the reaction mixture appeared to darken a bit in color, and after 30 minutes, it was a distinct yellow lour. Crystal formation occurred almost immediately after removing the round bottomed flask from the heating mantle, with even more crystals forming during the time the flask was in the ice bath. The crystals were a pale yellow color, with an irregular, powdery shape. The crude material was rationalized from boiling Selene. Selene is an excellent solvent for both anthracite and malefic anhydride, as evidenced by their complete solubility in the early part of the synthesis. Due to this fact, any unrelated starting materials would remain soluble throughout the crystallization process. Additionally, the Dills-Alder product is soluble in boiling Selene, but insoluble in cool Selene. This makes for an ideal rationalizations solvent. The purified crystals that were collected from the rationalizations were a faint off-white color, with a regular, shiny plate-like shape. The purity of the crystals was improved as seen in the melting point for the rationalized product. This particular Dills-Alder reaction exploits an interesting phenomenon. We will write a custom essay sample on Diels Alder Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Diels Alder Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Diels Alder Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Although aromatic compounds do not normally participate in Dills-Alder sections, the central ring in anthracite is reactive as a dine. Since all three rings of anthracite can not simultaneously have Benzedrine character (Figure 1), the electrons in the pi system of the central ring react more like those of a standard dine. The reaction of the central ring in anthracite allows for the formation of two, independent benzene rings, as seen in the mechanism outlined in Figure 2. (You can hand-draw structures in ink. ) Figure 1: Resonance structures of anthracite.

How to Use a Turabian Format Essay Sample to Boost Your Academic Writing

How to Use a Turabian Format Essay Sample to Boost Your Academic WritingUsing a Turabian format essay sample is not going to turn you into a Pulitzer Prize winner. But it does make the writing process easier and faster than it would be otherwise. The best use of this type of document is to produce effective draft after draft without wasting valuable time.Without even knowing it, writers have been using template language and shortcuts for some time. They write articles with a word processor, use rules, fill out forms, and organize data in order to get things done in the most efficient way possible. This is the same method that works for courses, books, reports, and presentations.We all have to do math problems, write reports, summarize our work, make lists, or compose thoughts. We can't do them in more than one way and sometimes we have to rewrite something to make it a bit clearer and more productive. Using a template and shortcuts will save us valuable time and increase our producti vity.In order to get your academic writing products to stand out from the rest of the pack and get you to the top of the class, it helps to have a more successful and effective grades. This is where templates and shortcuts came in. Being able to use this helps to provide some structure for the writer and it creates a better reading experience for the reader.What kind of template do you need? How about using a template that has questions on it, has a few words written in it, and then goes on to answer the question? Or you could go with one that has a paragraph of opening paragraphs, then paragraphs with questions, one of the paragraphs answering the question, and then one more paragraph after that answering the question. This will provide a good structure that you can use throughout the entire piece and it will make it easier to understand and digest.Consider also if you will be using a document that has a logical order that makes sense. Maybe you have a report and have to look up a certain term or you are reviewing statistics. The first thing you have to do is learn how to write it, but the second step is to write it in the correct order. Using a template will help you with this.Of course it can take a while to acquire a new vocabulary and create a new vocabulary for grammar. This is where you can use the Turabian format essay sample. This will provide some structure, an outline, and a list of tools to make sure you use the right words, grammar, and style of writing. It will help to eliminate a lot of frustration and will help to keep you from going back and re-writing the same section over again.As a writer you have to use the resources at your disposal to your advantage. The use of these templates and shortcuts will save you time and get you to the top of the class. Make sure you read all the details and check them out for yourself to see if it will fit your needs. This may just be the piece of writing guidance you need to help you take that next step forwar d.

Industrial Attachment Report free essay sample

Many heartfelt thanks for their support. Many thanks go to the management and the rest of the staff at United Cement Company of Nigeria Ltd for This report summarizes the author’s real-life experiences in a working environment with real operational structures that he went through at United Cement Company of Nigeria Ltd. The duration of the attachment was three months, which were spent in the Mechanical Engineering department which is made up of: 1. Raw mill section 2. Kiln section 3. Cement mill section 4. Parking Plant Data was gathered through carrying out specific tasks, sharing ideas and observation. The main goal behind this report is to give the conceptual view of the department and how it fits in the overall performance of the firm. Their product is sold in 50kg bags and in bulk quantities. UniCem cement is characterized by its high tensile strength and rapid setting properties and complies with the NIS 444-1:2003 standard. We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Attachment Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page UniCem manufactures Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), CEM 1 for use in general construction and building purposes. 1. 3How Cement is produced Cement manufacturing is the basic processing of selected and prepared mineral raw materials to produce the synthetic mineral mixture (clinker) that can be ground to a powder having the specific chemical composition and physical properties of cement. Mining Cement manufacture, like many other manufacturing processes, begins at the mine, where the raw materials like limestone, silica, aluminates, feric minerals and others are obtained. The general mining methods are surface mining. There are a few underground limestone mines, but most are pits on the surface. Cement plants are typically located central to the minerals required to make the cement, which saves the transportation costs and reduces the price of the cement. Crusher Once the ore material to be used for cement has been mined, it is transported to the crushing/screening plant, where it is crushed and screened, to produce the desired particle size. The ground powder is then blended, using the Chemists Secret Mixture which can be a closely guarded recipe. Atox/raw Mill An extremely compact, air swept vertical roller mill. The raw materials are milled to produce meal for the kiln. Kiln Consist of a rotary furnace positioned at an angle fabricated with steel plate and lined with firebricks which usually consist of 3 roller stations. The rotation of the kiln causes material to gradually move downhill to the cooler end of the kiln. materials are then transported to the rotary kiln through several stages of cyclones (preheaters) for heat processing by contact with the hot gases from combustion of the kiln fuel. In the rotary kiln, first the carbon dioxide is driven off of the calcium carbonates, then the raw material is fused at a temperature somewhere around 2,700 degrees F. The discharge from the kiln is called clinker. Fig. 1. General layout of a rotary kiln Cooler The clinker is then deposited in to the cooler where most of the heat is recover and clinker is cooled, crushed and sent by means of pan conveyors to the clinker silo. Ball mill/Cement mill A ball mill is a horizontal cylinder partly filled with steel balls (or occasionally other shapes) that rotates on its axis, imparting a tumbling and cascading action to the balls. Material fed through the mill is crushed by impact and ground by attrition between the balls and sent to the cement silo of the packing plant. The parking Plant Extracts cement from the cement silo by conveyors and elevators, passes them through a vibrating screen, and then the rotary parker fills the cement in to bags and on to trucks which are then ready for shipping to consumers as Portland Cement. Fig. 2. Bagged Portland cement 1. 4Health and safety Unicem has a full service Occupational Health and Safety department. Health and Safety in the workplace is a major priority. The Company provides compulsory PPE (helmet, safety glasses, safety footwear and high visibility clothing) and site specific PPE for all her staff which they must use at all times or face penalties. Safety induction is always given to new staff, contractors and visitors and safety talks held every 2 weeks to ensure in-house safety practices 1. 5Expectations and industrial reality ?Expectations As a student I was expecting to be taken as just a student who would contribute insignificantly to the organisation. Furthermore, I thought, though I was just a student my contributions would be needed in some situations. I expected to apply the rich theoretical approach I had acquired for two years in the university with the knowledge from different modules. ?Expectations versus reality The working environment was a bit hostile (high temperatures at the kiln area and dusty environment at the parking plant) but colleagues in the department were willing to help any time i had a question on some procedures. The supervisor was so helpful to the extent of making sure my welfare at home was superb. Besides that, the team helped me to realize that i was an important figure who was able to contribute something significant to the organisation. The supervisor would sometimes leave me to accomplish certain tasks without the aid of anyone. Chapter Two Work related learning assignments This chapter highlights the relevant departments to which the student was assigned. It provides a brief description of the assignments performed and their relevance to the degree programme. Unicem Mechanical Engineering department is comprised essentially of the repairs, maintenance and fabrication. As part of the orientation process, attachment students are given a safety induction and then taken on a tour of the company’s divisions. 2. 1 Mechanical Engineering department There are four sections in the mechanical department, which are raw mill, kiln, cement mill and parking plant. Raw mill The raw mill engineers and technicians are incharge of repairs, maintenance and fabrication of new parts and machines in use within the raw mill consisting of the belt conveyors, atox mill, chain scrapper, apron feeders etc. Kiln section The kiln engineers and technicians are responsible for repairs, maintenance and fabrication of new parts and machines in use within the kiln section consisting of the pan conveyors, gas conditioning towers, kiln support stations, kiln, coolers, cyclones, airlifts and air slides etc. Cement mill Industrial Attachment Report free essay sample Establishing this balance is one of the main reasons to reward employees. Organizations that follow a strategic approach to creating this balance focus on the three main components of a reward system, which includes, compensation, benefits and recognition. Studies that have been conducted on the topic indicates that the most common problem in organizations today is that they miss the important component of Reward, which is the low-cost, high-return ingredient to a well-balanced reward system. A key focus of recognition is to make employees feel appreciated and valued. Research has proven that employees who get recognized tend to have higher self-esteem, more confidence, more willingness to take on new challenges and more eagerness to be innovative. The aim of this study is to investigate whether rewards and recognition has an impact on employee motivation. A biographical and Work Motivation Questionnaire was administered to respondents. The results also revealed that staff, and employees from non-white racial backgrounds experienced lower levels of rewards, and motivation. We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Attachment Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Future research on the latter issues could yield interesting insights into the different factors that motivate employees. Notwithstanding the insights derived from the current research, results need to be interpreted with caution since a convenience sample was used, thereby restricting the generalisability to the wider population. Keyword: Reward, Motivation, Commercial Bank of Sri Lanka Classification: GJMBR-B Classification: G21 Reward System And Its Impact On Employee Motivation In Commercial Bank Of Sri Lanka Plc, In Jaffna District. Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: 2011 . Puwanenthiren Pratheepkanth. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3. 0 Unported License http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3. 0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction inany medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Puwanenthiren Pratheepkanth Abstract : Increasingly, orga nizations are realizing that they have to establish an equitable balance between the employee’s contribution to the organization and the organization’s contribution to the employee. Establishing this balance is one of the main reasons to reward employees. Organizations that follow a strategic approach to creating this balance focus on the three main components of a reward system, which includes, compensation, benefits and recognition. Studies that have been conducted on the topic indicates that the most common problem in organizations today is that they miss the important component of Reward, which is the low-cost, high-return ingredient to a well-balanced reward system. A key focus of recognition is to make employees feel appreciated and valued. Research has proven that employees who get recognized tend to have higher selfesteem, more confidence, more willingness to take on new challenges and more eagerness to be innovative. The aim of this study is to investigate whether rewards and recognition has an impact on employee motivation. A biographical and Work Motivation Questionnaire was administered to respondents. The results also revealed that staff, and employees from non-white racial backgrounds experienced lower levels of rewards, and motivation. Future research on the latter issues could yield interesting insights into the different factors that motivate employees. Notwithstanding the insights derived from the current research, results need to be interpreted with caution since a convenience sample was used, thereby restricting the generalisability to the wider population. Keywords : Reward, Motivation, Commercial Bank of Srilanka R I. INTRODUCTION eward system is an important tool that management can use to channel employee motivation in desired ways. In other words, reward systems seek to attract people to joint the organization to keep them coming to work, and motivate them to perform to high levels. The reward system consists of all organization components – including people processes rules and decision making activities involved in the allocate of compensation and benefits to employees in exchange for their contribution to the organization. About : Department of Accounting, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka, Email: [emailprotected] com In order for an organization to meet its obligations to shareholders, employees and society, its top management must develop a relationship between the organization and employees that will fulfill the continually changing needs of both parties. At a minimum the organization expects employees to perform reliably the tasks assigned to them and at the standards set for them, and to follow the rules that have been established to govern the workplace. Management often expects more: that employees take initiative, supervise themselves, continue to learn new skills, and be responsive to business needs. At a minimum, employees expect their organization to provide fair pay, safe working conditions, and fair treatment. Like management, employees often expect more, depending on the strength of their needs for security, status, involvement, challenge, power, and responsibility. Just how ambitious the expectations of each party are, vary from organization to organization. For organizations to address these expectations an understanding of employee motivation is required (Beer, Spector, Lawrence, Mills, Walton, 1984). Baron (1983) defines motivation as â€Å"a set of processes concerned with the force that energizes behavior and directs it towards attaining some goal. † Kreitner and Kinicki (1992) 1 postulate that motivation represents â€Å"those psychological processes that cause the arousal, direction and persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed. If it is the role of managers to successfully guide employees toward accomplishing organizational objectives, it is imperative that they understand these psychological processes. Schermerhorn, Hunt and Osborn (1991) conceptualizes motivation as based on content and process approaches. The content theories of motivation emphasize the reasons for motivated behavior and/or what causes it. Thes e theories specify the correlates of motivated behavior that is states, feelings or attitudes associated with motivated behavior, and help to represent physiological or psychological deficiencies that an individual feels some compulsion to eliminate. Establishing this balance and meeting this need is one of the first reasons, according to Deeprose (1994) to reward and recognize employees. Formal reward programme which denote financial rewards such as salary, fringe benefits, bonuses, promotions or share  ©2011 Global Journals Inc. (US) 85 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XI Issue IvvV Version I March 2011 Reward System And Its Impact On Employee Motivation In Commercial Bank Of Sri Lanka Plc, In Jaffna District. Reward System And Its Impact On Employee Motivation In Commercial Bank Of Sri Lanka Plc, In Jaffna District. options play a significant role, but employees accept these as intrinsic factors to the job. March 2011 II. LITERATURE REVIEW AND PREVIOUS STUDIES An intrinsically motivated individual, according to Ajila (1997) will be committed to his work to the extent to which the job inherently contains tasks that are rewarding to him or her. And an extrinsically motivated 86 person will be committed to the extent that he can gain or receive external rewards for his or her job. He further suggested that for an individual to be motivated in a work situation there must be a need, which the individual would have to perceive a possibility of satisfying through some reward. If the reward is intrinsic to the job, such desire or motivation is intrinsic. But, if the reward is described as external to the job, the motivation is described as extrinsic. Good remuneration has been found over the years to be one of the policies the organization can adopt to increase their workers performance and thereby increase the organizations productivity. Also, with the present global economic trend, most employers of labour have realized the fact that for their organizations to compete favorably, the performance of their employees goes a long way in determining the to influence workers performance to motivate them began in the 1970s. So many people have carried out researches in this area, some of which are Oloko (1977), Kayode (1973), Egwuridi (1981), Nwachukwu (1994), Ajila (1997). The performance of workers has become important due to the increasing concern of human resources and personnel experts about the level of output obtained from workers due to poor remuneration. This attitude is also a social concern and is very important to identify problems that are obtained in industrial settings due to non-challant attitudes of managers to manage their workers by rewarding them well to maximize their productivity. All efforts must be geared towards developing workers interest in their job so as to make them happy in giving their best to their work, this will ensure industrial harmony. In view of this, this study attempts to identify the influence that rewards have on workers performance in order to address problems arising from motivational approaches in organizational settings. For some reasons most organizations use rewards external to the job in influencing their workers. Vroom (1964), supported the assumption that workers tend to perform more effectively if there wages are related to performance which is not based on personal bias or prejudice, but on objective evaluation of an employees merit. Though several techniques of measuring job performance have been developed, in general the specific technique chosen varies with the type of work. All these issues call for research efforts, so as to bring to focus how an appropriate reward package  ©2011 Global Journals Inc. US) can jeer up or influence workers to develop positive attitude towards their job and thereby increase their productivity. Possibly the best means of understanding workers motivation is to consider the social meaning of work. In this respect, short-term goals and long-term goals of employees and employers may affect production variously. Accordingly, giving attention to the manner in whic h rewards given to workers are perceived is preferable to assuming that reward means the same thing to all. Rewards that an individual receives are very much a part of the understanding of motivation. Research has suggested that rewards now cause job motivation and satisfaction, which leads to performance. It showed that though there was no significant difference in motivational level and job satisfaction across various categories of workers in different organizations. Egwuridi (1981) also investigated motivation among Nigerian workers using a sample of workers of high and low occupational levels. The hypothesis that low-income workers will be intrinsically motivated was not confirmed, and the expectation that higher income worker will place a greater value on intrinsic job-factors than low-income workers was also not confirmed. This shows clearly the extent of value placed on extrinsic job factors. Akerele (1991) observed that poor remuneration is related to profits made by organization. Wage differential between high and low income earners was related to the low morale, lack of commitment and low productivity. Nwachukwu (1994) blamed the productivity of Nigerian workers on several factors, among them is employer’s failure to provide adequate compensation for hard work and the indiscipline of the privileged class that arrogantly displays their wealth, hich is very demoralizing to working class and consequently reduced their productivity. Judging from all these empirical studies and findings, one may generally conclude that a good remuneration package, which ties financial rewards to individual performance, can be expected to result in higher productivity. Another study carried out, which is of importance to this research, is that of Wood (1974) 7 He investigated the correlation between various worker s attitudes and job motivation and performance using 290 skilled and semi-skilled male and female paper workers. The study revealed that highly involved employees who were more intrinsically oriented towards their job did not manifest satisfaction commensurate with company evaluations of performance. They depended more on intrinsic rewards as compared to those who were more extrinsic in orientation. Gibson, Ivancevich and Donnelly (2000) say motivation is a concept we use when we describe the forces acting on or within an individual to initiate and direct behavior. We use the concept to explain differences in the intensity of behavior (regarding more intense behaviors as a result of higher levels of motivation) and also to indicate the direction of behavior Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XI Issue IV Version I Reward System And Its Impact On Employee Motivation In Commercial Bank Of Sri Lanka Plc, In Jaffna District. III. CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK After The Careful Study of Literature Review, The Following Conceptual Model is Formulated to Illustrate the Relationship between Reward System and Employee Motivation. V. HYPOTHESES. Intrinsic Rewards Extrinsic Rewards Based on the assumed casual relationship given in the conceptual model the following hypotheses were developed for testing. H1:- Higher the employee rewards lead to higher the Employee Motivation H2:- Lower the employee rewards lead to lower the Employee Motivation 1) Data Sources VI. METHODOLOGY Primary and secondary data are used for the present study. Primary data are collected through the questionnaire. Secondary data are collected from annual reports, journals, internet, books and etc. here are two type of data used for this research study. 2) Mode of Analysis Concept Reward System Extrinsic reward 1 2 3 4 5 6 Intrinsic reward 7 8 9 Employee motivation. 1 2 Variable Wages salary Bonus Commission Status Promotion Opportunities to Completion Responsibility Meaning full work Work Kind Condition Higher performance consistency achieved. Co – operation. Indicator Salary scale Rs. Rupees. Rupees. Increase or decrease. No. of pr omotion with in a period High or low High or low High or low High or low Increase or decrease High or low Measure Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire  ©2011 Global Journals Inc. (US) Global Journal of Management and Business Research Reward System Employee Motivatio Volume XI Issue IvvV Version I (e. g. , when you’re tired or sleepy, you direct your behavior toward getting some sleep). Snell (1999) says motivation is everything. Without motivation even the most talented people will not deliver to their potential. With motivation, others will perform way above the level expected of their intelligence and academic ability. He further asserts that company staff is its business. They are the company. They project the image of the company that customers see. They alone hold the power to deliver a high quality standard of service. It is a company’s staff, not its managers, who ultimately have the power to boost or reduce its profits. IV. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH March 2011 87 This research is intended to achieve the following objectives:? To determine if there is a relationship between reward and employee motivation. ? To determine the impact of rewards on motivation. ? To determine which factors contribute to work motivation. To determine the impact of biographical variables on work motivation. Reward System And Its Impact On Employee Motivation In Commercial Bank Of Sri Lanka Plc, In Jaffna District. March 2011 3 4 5 Willing-ness of responsibility Challenging work Growth in job. High or low High or low Increase or decrease. Questionnaire Questionnaire Questionnaire 88 3) Statistical Techniques V olume XI Issue IV Version I For this research several techniques were used such as samples, percentage analysis, correlation analysis, means analysis and diagrams. depending variables in relation to values the independent variable. In this research to find what relationship exits between reward system and employee motivation, the regression is applied. This could be explained though the following equation. Y = a+ bx a = Point cutting a cross axis Y, that is value of Y when x =0 b = Slanting of the regression line a) Percentage analysis It is used to make the relationship between hypotheses and samples, percentage analysis is used to indicate the relative size of proportion of items rather than absolut size. Example: Sample size 100 Motivated employee 70- 70%’ c) Correlation analysis Global Journal of Management and Business Research Dismotivated employee 30- 30% b) Regression Analysis In order to find out the nature of relationship between two variables factor analysis is carried out. The line regression explained the pattern of variation of This analysis measure the relationship between two data that are sealed to be independent of the unit of measurement. The value of the co-related rations calculated through the following formula. r= n? x 2 ? (? x ) 2 ? n? y 2 ? (? y ) 2 n? xy ? ? x ? y ?x- Sum of the employees perspective innovation and learning perspective and internal business perspective. ?y- Sum of the performance. Correlation ratio d) Means analysis This analysis measures the average level of reward and employee motivation for each branch.  ©2011 Global Journals Inc. (US) Reward System And Its Impact On Employee Motivation In Commercial Bank Of Sri Lanka Plc, In Jaffna District. X= ? x n March 2011 89 ?x = Sum of the employee perspective innovation and learning perspective and internal business persp ective. n VII. = Number of data points. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Extrinsic rewards and employee motivation Table:1 Indicator Regression Correlation R – square F – value T – value Value Y = 16. 45x. +1. 34 0. 7280 0. 3 96. 24 8. 634 The regression equation shows the positive relationship between the extrinsic rewards and Employee Motivation That is when the extrinsic reward is made on the basic of Employee point of view; Employee Motivation will increased by 16. 45. The correlation between extrinsic rewards and Employee Motivation is 0. 7280, which shows the positive relationship between the two variables. According to the R-square, 53% of Employee Motivation is accepted by Reward. According to the F value it is greater than table value. So it expresses that there is a relationship between the two variables. According to the t-test, the calculated value is 8. 634, which is greater than the critical value 1. 6663. Show it proved the positive relationship between the two variables and it was significance at 5% of significance level. Intrinsic rewards Vs employee motivation Table:2 Indicator Regression Correlation R – square F – value T – value Value Y = 18. 57x+1. 32 0. 5831 0. 34 92. 36 7. 632 The regression equation shows the positive relationship between the Intrinsic rewards and Employee Motivation That is when the Intrinsic reward is made on the basic of Employee point of view; Employee Motivation will increased by 18. 7. The correlation between intrinsic rewards and Employee Motivation is 0. 5831, which shows the positive relationship between the two variables. According to the R-square, 34% of Employee Motivation is accepted by Reward. According to the F-value it is greater than table value. So it expresses that there is a relationship between the two variables. According to the t-test, the calculated value is 7. 632, which is greater than the critical value 1. 6663. Show it proved the positive relationship between the two variables and it was significance at 5% of significance level. 2011 Global Journals Inc. (US) Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XI Issue IvvV Version I 1) Analysis-correlation, regression, F-Test, and T-Test Reward System And Its Impact On Employee Motivation In Commercial Bank Of Sri Lanka Plc, In Jaffna District. Rewards Vs employee motivation March 2011 Table:3 Indicator Regression Correlation R – square F – value T – value Value Y = 6. 52x+0. 88 0. 7550 0. 57 90. 36 8. 063 90 Volume XI Issue IV Version I Global Journal of Management and Business Research The regression equation shows the positive relationship between the rewards and Employee Motivation That is when the reward is made on the basic of Employee point of view; Employee Motivation will increased by 6. 52. The correlation between rewards and Employee Motivation is 0. 7550, which shows the positive relationship between the two variables. According to the R-square, 57% of Employee Motivation is accepted by Reward. According to the F-value it is greater than table value. So it expresses that there is a relationship between the two variables. According to the t-test, the calculated value is 8. 63, which is greater than the critical value 1. 6663. Show it proved the positive relationship between the two variables and it was significance at 5% of significance level VIII. Challenging work, 23% of the Bank staffs have provided unfavorable replied. The rest 77% have given favorable replied against the Challenging work of the staffs by the reward system. This research finding also d escribe relationship between willingness of responsibility, 89% employees answered fourably. the rest 11% denote adverse opinionReward system has Strong impact on Growth in job that is 87% employee said favorable the rest 13% unfavorable replied. ) Further based on the correlation co-efficient measurement between those variables There is positive relationship between the rewards and Employee Motivation of the staffs of this bank that is (+0. 7550) and that is between the intrinsic reward system and the Motivation also positive that is (+0. 5831). Extrinsic reward system and Motivation (0. 7280) There fore, as a whole, there is a considerable positive relationship between the total reward system and the Employee motivation of the Employee of the Bank. CONCLUDING REMARKS Commercial bank of Ceylon PLC employees reward system is analyzed, when the information obtained is looked in to out of the particular 28 employee have high motivation, at the same time 50 employees moderate Motivation in reward system. But 22 employees are very lower motivation regarding reward system. That is 78% employees are high and moderate Motivation. The rest 22% have replied unfavorably. There fore on the reward system of this Commercial bank of Ceylon PLC particularly reward system of this Jaffna is very attractive when compared with other institutions. Analysis relating to the higher performance consistency achieved is observed in to, 90% of the staff has replied favorably. The rest 10% employees answered unfavorable. The main reason for the above appearance is that the reward system for the staff of this Bank. When the employees needs are fulfilled satisfactory through reward system, the employees Consistency achieved increases. According to the result about the Co-operation of the staff. 17% of the staff only disagrees with the reward system leads to favorable result in their Co-operation of the staff. But 83% (25staff) answered that the Co-operation of the staff will be reduced by the reward system by a considerable value. And Co-operation of the staff. is a factor, which affects both bank and the staffs. From the findings of the relationship between the reward system and the  ©2011 Global Journals Inc. (US) In this Study, every element relates with the rewards of the employees of Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC. was analyzed. Further, Higher performance consistency achieved, Cooperation, Willingness of responsibility, Challenging work, Growth in job, are found to be the determining factors that influence employee’s performance. Rewards:-Regarding the rewards, comparatively 80% of employees only are favorable to reward system. The following aspects can be viewed for the favorable reward system, ? ? ? ? Provide favorable leave to the staff of this Bank Provide medical facilities Provide attractive loan system Provide favorable or attractive facilities than competitive Bank According to the above analysis 1. There is a positive relationship between the total reward system and job satisfaction of the staff of this Bank That co-efficient is (+0. 7550). 2) Discussions of findings ) Based on the correlation analysis Reward System And Its Impact On Employee Motivation In Commercial Bank Of Sri Lanka Plc, In Jaffna District. 4) Hypotheses testing H1:- Higher the employee rewards lead to higher the Employee Motivation On the basis of 80% Employees of this Bank have High Motivation; these hypotheses confirmed by effectively Hence it illustrate that when both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards provide, the Motivation of t he employees of this Bank also slightly improved and vice versa. X. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH IX. RECOMMENDATIONS The effectiveness of any Organization is influenced greatly by human behaviors. Staffs who are a resources common to all Organization. Effective’s administrative exactitudes helped to create a work environment. That encourages, support and sustained improvement in work motivation. The following suggestion recommended for future researches. 1) In this study only commercial bank of Ceylon PLC Jaffna is considered to develop the analysis and findings. There are millions of employees and Organization in Sri Lanka. In future studies could consider almost all employees and Bank in the others of district. ) Finding of this study analyzed only the employees of Bank of Jaffna. But there are various type of hospital and different types of employees works their. So, this analysis will helpful to conduct the further researcher including all the employees in the bank. 3) Even through various factors determine the Motivation, if is considered as to how the monetary and non-monetary matters influence on the Motivation of the staff of this Bank in this analysis. Therefore, the analysis in relation to other factors that determine the Motivation must be considered. ) The analysis in relation to the effect and the problems and the inconvenience of the staff of this Bank / other Bank may be conducted based on the result of this analysis.  ©2011 Global Journals Inc. (US) Bank must be careful in the following factors to increase the Employee motivation of the Employees by redesigning the reward system. 1) Work environment Society of this Bank must try to create supportive, pleasant full working environment internally, in order to satisfy the staff and work with efficiency. ) Employees should be trained according to the present content of the environment. 3) The facilities to be provided to the employees in order to enhance their Employee motivation, job abilities. 4) This bank can buildup the commitment among employees by rewards and achieve both individual and Organization al objectives. 5) Employees with one another vary individually, according to physically and mentally. So, bank’s society must identify their different types of needs and fulfill them. 6) Regarding the salary and other allowances. Global Journal of Management and Business Research H2:- Lower the employee rewards lead to lower the Employee Motivation Here this hypothesis is accepted, because there is a positive relationship found between the reward system and the employee’s motivation. That is when the employee reward system Decrease, Motivation also decrease through the performance consistency achieved, Cooperation, Willingness of responsibility, Challenging work, Growth in job. Volume XI Issue IvvV Version I 2. Correlation co-efficient between the reward system and the performance consistency achieved is also positive that is (+0. 673). 3. Correlation co-efficient between the reward system and the Cooperation of this staff is Positive that is (+ 0. 6235). 4. Correlation co-efficient between the reward system and the Willingness of responsibility this Bank is also Positive that is –(0. 7151). 5. Correlation co-efficient between the reward system and the Challenging work is also positive that is (+0. 5235). 6. Correlation co-efficient between the reward system and the , Growth in job is Positive that is (+ 0. 6211). Holiday pay Bonus Pension benefits Overtime pay Proper training and promotion also to be given to the staff of this Bank in order to they will be satisfied their job. ) Responsibility with challenges when an employee is involved in a challenging task, the result of which should be taken in to the account the responsibilities assigned to the staff should have relevant authority. As regards the staff moderately satisfied. Because the responsibility and financial rewards are not assigned to them in a disc iplinary way. 7) The facilities provided to the employees should be compared with that of other private Organization and facilities similar to it or more to be provided quickly. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 91 March 2011 Management intensifies the salary scheme of employees. It should be supported to up great their standard of living. Further, the following non monitory awards also be increased. Reward System And Its Impact On Employee Motivation In Commercial Bank Of Sri Lanka Plc, In Jaffna District. References References Referencias 1. Alderfer, C. (1972). Existence, relatedness, growth. New York: Free Press. 2. Barton, G. M. (2002). Recognition at work. Scottsdale: WorldatWork. 3. Carnegie, D. (1987). Managing through people. New York: Dale Carnegie Associates, INC. 4. Dodd, G. (2005). Canadian employees moving towards total rewards approach to Compensation. Retrieved February 27, 2005, 5. tttp://www. watsonwyatt. com/Canada 6. Informal Recognition: The biggest part of an effective recognition strategy. (n. d). 7. BC Public Service Agency. Retrieved April 05, 2005 8. http://www. bcpublicservice. ca/awards 9. Motivation: What makes us tick? (2005). People Development. Retrieved February 27, 2005, 10. http:www. peopledevelopment. com 11. Robbins, S. P. (1993). Organizational behaviour. England: Prentice-Hall. 12. Wilson, T. B. (1994). Innovative reward systems for the changing workplace. 92 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XI Issue IV Version I March 2011  ©2011 Global Journals Inc. (US)

The Life of William Blake essays

The Life of William Blake essays Where the melodious winds have birth; The languid strings do scarcely move! The sound is forc'd, the notes are few! In those lines, it has been said, the eighteenth century dies to music. (Wilson 1) The writer of these lines was William Blake, English poet, painter and engraver who created a unique form of illustrated verse. His poetry, inspired by mystical vision, is among the most original, lyric, and prophetic in the English language. William Blake has become one of the English speaking worlds most renowned poets and artists. (Essick 9) His writings are taught frequently in schools and studied by scholars. However, in his lifetime, his works were hardly known except for a small group of patrons and connoisseurs. His symbolic pictures and visionary poems are not always easy to understand, because he invented his own mythology to express his ideas. His pictures and poems reveal a powerful artistic imagination. William Blake was born on November 28, 1757, the third of five children born to James and Catherine Blake. His father was a London hosier, living at 28 Broad Street, Golden Square. Although Mr. Blake was a non-conformist, William was christened on the eleventh of December at St. James Church, Picadilly (Wilson 4) London, where he lived for all but three years of his life, and the social class of shopkeepers in which he was raised, had great influences on the course of Blakes life. He started having visions, where he saw angels walking around, when he was only four years old. This disturbed his truth-loving parents. Because William was strange and stormy, his father decided he should be spared the discipline of school. His mother was probably the one who taught him to read and write. While Blake received very little of traditional education, he was well versed in Greek and Latin literature, the Bible, and Milton. Blake continued to grow intellec...

Cleopatra in Antony and Cleopatra Essay Example

Cleopatra in Antony and Cleopatra Essay Example Cleopatra in Antony and Cleopatra Essay Cleopatra in Antony and Cleopatra Essay Shakespeare presents the strength of Cleopatras determination in act 3, scene 7, as Enobarbus attempts to dissuade her from joining Antony in the battlefield. Despite being told that in Rome, Antony, already criticized for his frivolity, is mocked for handing over his command to women and a eunuch, she hyperbolically dismisses his opinion by saying Sink Rome, and their tongues rot that speak against us. This scene also contains the only incidence of Cleopatra lacking sexual awareness, not recognizing the euphemism provided by Enobarbus that to have stallions and mares serving together in war invites disaster, as the stallions will only be interested in copulating (although the shock embedded in her response what ist you say could be spoken with sarcasm in performance). This display of determination on Cleopatras part allows Shakespeare to emphasise the level of blame placed on the Queen by both Enobarbus and Scarus for the first defeat at Actium, which we are told about in scene 10. Enobarbus anguished words thantoniad, the Egyptian admiral, with all their sixty, fly and turn the rudder immediately place the blame on the lovers. Scarus confirms the defeat, and his image we have kissed away kingdoms and provinces immediately lays the blame squarely on the mutual infatuation of Antony and Cleopatra. He focuses more on Cleopatra, labelling her ribaudred nag of Egypt and later likening her flight to that of a maddened cow stung by a gadfly (breeze). However, in scene 13 when she asks whose fault it is, Enobarbus says Antony only, that would make his will lord of his reason. However, his opinion disagrees with the many examples we see throughout the play of Shakespeare presenting Cleopatra as the dominant force in their relationship, thereby arguably also the one to blame for his downfall, since she is the one who pulls the strings. Indeed, in the opening scene Antony is referred to by Philo as a strumpets fool, a term which bears connotations of a lack of control on Antonys part. Shakespeare seems again to want to show the Queens dominance early on, as in act 1, scene 2, Enobarbus jokes, hush, here comes Antony, mocking Antonys lack of power within the relationship. As a tragedy, one of the major questions Shakespeare asks of the audience is whether Antony is to blame for his downfall, or whether he was simply a victim of his fatal flaw. The presentation of Cleopatra as the more dominant force in their relationship is an important factor in this decision. Cleopatra is endlessly described or discussed by other characters. Enobarbus speaks of her infinite variety. For Antony, she can be an enchanting queen or foul Egyptian; for Charmian, a lass unparalleled; for Caesar, dear queen to her face and whore behind her back. Her actions and words display a similarly mercurial range: bravery and cowardice, cruelty and gentleness. Taunting mockery, deviousness, capriciousness, pride, self-indulgence and humility are only a fraction of her infinite variety. At the end of the play she achieves a kind of spendour in her suicide as she strives to fulfil her immortal longings: a reunion with Antony, transcending death itself. It may be an illusion, yet another of the grandiose fantasies she constructs of herself and Antony, but it is thrillingly theatrical, and a dramatically satisfying climax to the rollercoasting emotional ride on which she takes the audience. There are numerous ways of interpreting how Shakespeare wished to present Cleopatra: the archetypal femme fatale, a wily politician, or a cunning charmer. She uses all her considerable skills to retain control of her country, and when that endeavour fails, exercises her independence in choosing death rather than humilation. In her paradoxical behaviour, we see the complex strategies of a woman who has to prosper in a male, militaristic world. In creating Cleopatra, Shakespeare offers the audience many opportunities to reflect on such themes as the nature of love, the exercise of power in personal and political relationships, and the conflicts that ensue in such relationships. The plays constant movement, its recurring images of melting and dissolution, find their reflection in Cleopatras mercurial nature, and in her final attempt to transcend earthly bonds and achieve immortal union with Antony.